@Test
    public void clickOnElection() throws Exception {
        final Election e = electionActivity.getAdapter().getItem(1);

        onData(instanceOf(Election.class)) // We are using the position so don't need to specify a data matcher
                .inAdapterView(withId(R.id.election_list)) // Specify the explicit id of the ListView
                .atPosition(1) // Explicitly specify the adapter item to use
                .perform(click());
//        intended(hasComponent(MainActivity.class.getName()));
        onView(withId(R.id.app_bar)).check(new ViewAssertion() {
            @Override
            public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
                assertEquals(((Toolbar) view).getTitle(), e.getKind());
                assertEquals(((Toolbar) view).getSubtitle(), e.getPlace());
            }
        });
    }
 

@Test
    public void searchCityAndClick() throws Exception {
        List<Election> unfilteredList = electionActivity.getAdapter().getList();

        onView(withId(R.id.search)).perform(click());

        final Election toClick = unfilteredList.get(0);
        onView(withId(android.support.design.R.id.search_src_text)).perform(typeText(toClick.getPlace()));

        onView (withId (R.id.election_list)).check (ViewAssertions.matches (new Matchers().withListSize (1)));

        onData(instanceOf(Election.class))
                .inAdapterView(withId(R.id.election_list))
                .atPosition(0)
                .perform(click());
//        intended(hasComponent(MainActivity.class.getName()));
        onView(withId(R.id.app_bar)).check(new ViewAssertion() {
            @Override
            public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
                assertEquals(((Toolbar) view).getTitle(), toClick.getKind());
                assertEquals(((Toolbar) view).getSubtitle(), toClick.getPlace());
            }
        });
    }
 

public static ViewAssertion flexGridHasCode(final List<CodeLine> expectedCodeLines)
{
    return new ViewAssertion()
    {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewException)
        {
            FlexGrid flexGrid = (FlexGrid) view;

            List<CodeLine> actualCodeLines = (List<CodeLine>) flexGrid.getItemsSource();

            for (int i = 0; i < expectedCodeLines.size(); i++)
            {
                CodeLine expected = expectedCodeLines.get(i);
                CodeLine actual = actualCodeLines.get(i);

                assertEquals(expected.getCodeText(), actual.getCodeText());
            }
        }
    };
}
 

/**
 * Check that this item exist.
 *
 * Is true when adapter has matching item ignores the display state.
 *
 * @since Espresso Macchiato 0.6
 */

public void assertExist() {
    findRecyclerView().check(new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
            if (noViewFoundException != null) {
                throw noViewFoundException;
            }

            RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
            if (index >= recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount()) {
                throw new AssertionFailedError("Requested item should exist.");
            }
        }
    });
}
 

@Override
public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
        throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    if (recyclerView.getLayoutManager() instanceof GridLayoutManager) {
        GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = (GridLayoutManager) recyclerView.getLayoutManager();
        int spanCount = gridLayoutManager.getSpanCount();
        if (spanCount != expectedColumnCount) {
            String errorMessage = "expected column count " + expectedColumnCount
                    + " but was " + spanCount;
            throw new AssertionError(errorMessage);
        }
    } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("no grid layout manager");
    }
}
 

@Override
public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
        throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    if (recyclerView.getLayoutManager() instanceof LinearLayoutManager) {
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = (LinearLayoutManager) recyclerView.getLayoutManager();
        int firstVisibleItem = layoutManager.findFirstVisibleItemPosition();
        int lastVisibleItem = layoutManager.findLastVisibleItemPosition();

        boolean indexInRange = firstVisibleItem <= index && index <= lastVisibleItem;
        if ((shouldBeVisible && !indexInRange) || (!shouldBeVisible && indexInRange)) {
            String errorMessage = "expected item " + index + " to " +
                    (shouldBeVisible ? "" : "not") + " be visible, but was" +
                    (indexInRange ? "" : " not") + " visible";
            throw new AssertionError(errorMessage);

        }
    }
}
 

@Test
public void testAutoFocus() {
    onView(withId(R.id.camera))
            .check(new ViewAssertion() {
                @Override
                public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
                    CameraView cameraView = (CameraView) view;
                    // This can fail on devices without auto-focus support
                    assertThat(cameraView.getAutoFocus(), is(true));
                    cameraView.setAutoFocus(false);
                    assertThat(cameraView.getAutoFocus(), is(false));
                    cameraView.setAutoFocus(true);
                    assertThat(cameraView.getAutoFocus(), is(true));
                }
            });
}
 

private static ViewAssertion showingPreview() {
    return new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
            CameraView cameraView = (CameraView) view;
            TextureView textureView = cameraView.findViewById(R.id.texture_view);
            Bitmap bitmap = textureView.getBitmap();
            int topLeft = bitmap.getPixel(0, 0);
            int center = bitmap.getPixel(bitmap.getWidth() / 2, bitmap.getHeight() / 2);
            int bottomRight = bitmap.getPixel(
                    bitmap.getWidth() - 1, bitmap.getHeight() - 1);
            assertFalse("Preview possibly blank: " + Integer.toHexString(topLeft),
                    topLeft == center && center == bottomRight);
        }
    };
}
 

public static ViewAssertion checkMessagesOnlyFromToday() {
    return new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
            if (!(view instanceof RecyclerView)) {
                throw e;
            }
            RecyclerView rv = (RecyclerView) view;
            RecyclerMessageAdapter recyclerMessageAdapter = (RecyclerMessageAdapter) rv.getAdapter();
            StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            stringBuilder.append("OfDate-" + (new Date()).toString() + " { ");
            for (int index = 0; index < recyclerMessageAdapter.getItemCount(); index++) {
                if (recyclerMessageAdapter.getItem(index) instanceof Message) {
                    Message message = (Message) recyclerMessageAdapter.getItem(index);
                    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm", Locale.US);
                    stringBuilder.append(message.getID() + "-" + sdf.format(message.getTimestamp()) + " , ");
                    assertTrue("This message is not of today ID=" + message.getID() + ":" + message.getIdForHolder() + "\ncontent=" + message.getContent(), DateUtils.isToday(message.getTimestamp().getTime()));
                }
            }
            stringBuilder.append(" }");
            printLogInPartsIfExceeded(stringBuilder, "checkMessagesOnlyFromToday");
        }
    };
}
 

public static ViewAssertion hasViewWithTextAtPosition(final int index, final CharSequence text) {
    return new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
            if (!(view instanceof RecyclerView)) {
                throw e;
            }
            RecyclerView rv = (RecyclerView) view;
            ArrayList<View> outviews = new ArrayList<>();
            rv.findViewHolderForAdapterPosition(index).itemView.findViewsWithText(outviews, text,
                    FIND_VIEWS_WITH_TEXT);
            Truth.assert_().withFailureMessage("There's no view at index " + index + " of recyclerview that has text : " + text)
                    .that(outviews).isNotEmpty();
        }
    };
}
 

public static ViewAssertion doesntHaveViewWithText(final String text) {
    return new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
            if (!(view instanceof RecyclerView)) {
                throw e;
            }
            RecyclerView rv = (RecyclerView) view;
            ArrayList<View> outviews = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int index = 0; index < rv.getAdapter().getItemCount(); index++) {
                rv.findViewHolderForAdapterPosition(index).itemView.findViewsWithText(outviews, text,
                        FIND_VIEWS_WITH_TEXT);
                if (outviews.size() > 0) break;
            }
            Truth.assertThat(outviews).isEmpty();
        }
    };
}
 

@Override
public void handle(Throwable error, Matcher<View> viewMatcher) {
    try {
        delegate.handle(error, viewMatcher);
    } catch (NoMatchingViewException e) {
        // For example done device dump, take screenshot, etc.
        throw e;
    }
}
 

@Test
public void atElectionActivity() throws Exception {
    onView(withId(R.id.app_bar)).check(new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
            assertEquals(((Toolbar) view).getTitle(), "Choose election");
        }
    });
}
 

@Override
public void check (View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
    if (noViewFoundException != null) {
        throw noViewFoundException;
    }

    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    RecyclerView.Adapter adapter = recyclerView.getAdapter();

    if (mode == MODE_EQUALS) {
        assertThat(expectedChildCount, is(adapter.getItemCount()));
    } else if (mode == MODE_LESS_THAN) {
        assertTrue(expectedChildCount > adapter.getItemCount());
    }
}
 

public static ViewAssertion flexGridReadOnly(final boolean expected)
{
    return new ViewAssertion()
    {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewException)
        {
            FlexGrid flexGrid = (FlexGrid) view;

            assertEquals(expected, flexGrid.isReadOnly());
        }
    };
}
 

public static ViewAssertion mockDrawable(final String expectedTag)
{
    return new ViewAssertion()
    {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewException)
        {
            String tag = (String) ((MockDrawable) ((ImageView) view).getDrawable()).getTag();

            assertEquals(expectedTag, tag);
        }
    };
}
 

public static ViewAssertion withDrawable(@DrawableRes final int expectedResourceId)
{
    return new ViewAssertion()
    {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewException)
        {
            @DrawableRes int tag = (int) ((MockDrawable) ((ImageView) view).getDrawable()).getTag();

            assertEquals(expectedResourceId, tag);
        }
    };
}
 

@Override
public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
    T key = Flow.getKey(view);
    if(key == null || !key.equals(this.key)) {
        throw new AssertionError("Key [" + key + "] does not equal [" + this.key + "]");
    }
}
 

private void checkRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> users) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.chatMembersRecyclerView), ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(users)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String user, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(XMPPUtils.fromJIDToUserName(user)))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

private void checkGroupChatsRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> chatNames) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.groupChatsRecyclerView), ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(chatNames)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String chatName, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(chatName))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

private void checkOneToOneChatsRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> chatNames) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.oneToOneChatsRecyclerView), ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(chatNames)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String chatName, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(chatName))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

private void checkBlogPostsRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> blogPosts) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.blogsRecyclerView), ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(blogPosts)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String blogPost, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(blogPost))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

private void checkBlogPostsRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> comments) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.recyclerviewComments), isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(comments)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String comment, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(comment))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

private void checkRecyclerViewContent(final List<String> users) {
    RecyclerViewInteraction.<String>onRecyclerView(allOf(withId(R.id.membersRecyclerView), ViewMatchers.isDisplayed()))
            .withItems(users)
            .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<String>() {
                @Override
                public void check(String user, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
                    matches(hasDescendant(withText(XMPPUtils.fromJIDToUserName(user)))).check(view, e);
                }
            });
}
 

@Override
public final void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
    RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
    RecyclerView.ViewHolder viewHolderForPosition = recyclerView.findViewHolderForLayoutPosition(position);
    if (viewHolderForPosition == null) {
        throw (new PerformException.Builder())
                .withActionDescription(toString())
                .withViewDescription(HumanReadables.describe(view))
                .withCause(new IllegalStateException("No view holder at position: " + position))
                .build();
    } else {
        View viewAtPosition = viewHolderForPosition.itemView;
        itemViewAssertion.check(item, viewAtPosition, e);
    }
}
 

@Override public final void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
  RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) view;
  RecyclerView.ViewHolder viewHolderForPosition =
      recyclerView.findViewHolderForLayoutPosition(position);
  if (viewHolderForPosition == null) {
    throw (new PerformException.Builder()).withActionDescription(toString())
        .withViewDescription(HumanReadables.describe(view))
        .withCause(new IllegalStateException("No view holder at position: " + position))
        .build();
  } else {
    View viewAtPosition = viewHolderForPosition.itemView;
    itemViewAssertion.check(item, viewAtPosition, e);
  }
}
 

@Test public void showsSuperHeroesNameIfThereAreSuperHeroes() {
  List<SuperHero> superHeroes = givenThereAreSomeSuperHeroes(ANY_NUMBER_OF_SUPER_HEROES);

  startActivity();

  RecyclerViewInteraction.<SuperHero>onRecyclerView(withId(R.id.recycler_view))
      .withItems(superHeroes)
      .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<SuperHero>() {
        @Override public void check(SuperHero superHero, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
          matches(hasDescendant(withText(superHero.getName()))).check(view, e);
        }
      });
}
 

@Test public void showsAvengersBadgeIfASuperHeroIsPartOfTheAvengersTeam() {
  List<SuperHero> superHeroes = givenThereAreSomeAvengers(ANY_NUMBER_OF_SUPER_HEROES);

  startActivity();

  RecyclerViewInteraction.<SuperHero>onRecyclerView(withId(R.id.recycler_view))
      .withItems(superHeroes)
      .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<SuperHero>() {
        @Override public void check(SuperHero superHero, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
          matches(hasDescendant(allOf(withId(R.id.iv_avengers_badge),
              withEffectiveVisibility(ViewMatchers.Visibility.VISIBLE)))).check(view, e);
        }
      });
}
 

@Test public void doesNotShowAvengersBadgeIfASuperHeroIsNotPartOfTheAvengersTeam() {
  List<SuperHero> superHeroes = givenThereAreSomeSuperHeroes(ANY_NUMBER_OF_SUPER_HEROES, false);

  startActivity();

  RecyclerViewInteraction.<SuperHero>onRecyclerView(withId(R.id.recycler_view))
      .withItems(superHeroes)
      .check(new RecyclerViewInteraction.ItemViewAssertion<SuperHero>() {
        @Override public void check(SuperHero superHero, View view, NoMatchingViewException e) {
          matches(hasDescendant(allOf(withId(R.id.iv_avengers_badge),
              withEffectiveVisibility(ViewMatchers.Visibility.GONE)))).check(view, e);
        }
      });
}
 

public static ViewAssertion haveItemCount(final int count) {
    return new ViewAssertion() {
        @Override
        public void check(View view, NoMatchingViewException noViewFoundException) {
            StringDescription description = new StringDescription();
            description.appendText("'");

            if (noViewFoundException != null) {
                description.appendText(String.format(
                        "' check could not be performed because view '%s' was not found.\n",
                        noViewFoundException.getViewMatcherDescription()));
                Log.e(TAG, description.toString());
                throw noViewFoundException;
            } else {
                int actualCount = -1;

                if (view instanceof RecyclerView) {
                    actualCount = getItemCount((RecyclerView) view);
                }

                if (actualCount == -1) {
                    throw new AssertionError("Cannot get view item count.");
                } else if (actualCount != count) {
                    throw new AssertionError("View has " + actualCount +
                            "items while expected " + count);
                }
            }
        }
    };
}