@Override
public void doCreation(
    Metadata metadata,
    ExecutionOptions options,
    SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
    TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor) {

  // Add auxiliary database objects to batch DDL statements
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new StartBatchDdl(Action.CREATE));
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new RunBatchDdl(Action.CREATE));

  try (Connection connection = tool.getDatabaseMetadataConnection(options)) {
    SpannerDatabaseInfo spannerDatabaseInfo = new SpannerDatabaseInfo(connection.getMetaData());
    tool.getSpannerTableExporter(options).init(metadata, spannerDatabaseInfo, Action.CREATE);
    tool.getForeignKeyExporter(options).init(spannerDatabaseInfo);
    schemaCreator.doCreation(metadata, options, sourceDescriptor, targetDescriptor);
  } catch (SQLException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Failed to update Spanner table schema.", e);
  }
}
 

@Override
public void doDrop(
    Metadata metadata,
    ExecutionOptions options,
    SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
    TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor) {

  // Initialize auxiliary database objects to enable DDL statement batching.
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new StartBatchDdl(Action.DROP));
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new RunBatchDdl(Action.DROP));

  try (Connection connection = tool.getDatabaseMetadataConnection(options)) {
    // Initialize exporters with drop table dependencies so tables are dropped in the right order.
    SpannerDatabaseInfo spannerDatabaseInfo = new SpannerDatabaseInfo(connection.getMetaData());
    tool.getSpannerTableExporter(options).init(metadata, spannerDatabaseInfo, Action.DROP);
    tool.getForeignKeyExporter(options).init(spannerDatabaseInfo);
    schemaDropper.doDrop(metadata, options, sourceDescriptor, targetDescriptor);
  } catch (SQLException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Failed to update Spanner table schema.", e);
  }
}
 

@Override
public void doMigration(
    Metadata metadata, ExecutionOptions options, TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor) {

  // Add auxiliary database objects to batch DDL statements
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new StartBatchDdl(Action.UPDATE));
  metadata.getDatabase().addAuxiliaryDatabaseObject(new RunBatchDdl(Action.UPDATE));

  try (Connection connection = tool.getDatabaseMetadataConnection(options)) {
    SpannerDatabaseInfo spannerDatabaseInfo = new SpannerDatabaseInfo(connection.getMetaData());
    tool.getSpannerTableExporter(options).init(metadata, spannerDatabaseInfo, Action.UPDATE);
    tool.getForeignKeyExporter(options).init(spannerDatabaseInfo);
    schemaMigrator.doMigration(metadata, options, targetDescriptor);
  } catch (SQLException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Failed to update Spanner table schema.", e);
  }
}
 

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void validate(Metadata metadata, ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry) {
	LOG.runningSchemaValidator();

	Map config = new HashMap();
	config.putAll( serviceRegistry.getService( ConfigurationService.class ).getSettings() );

	final SchemaManagementTool tool = serviceRegistry.getService( SchemaManagementTool.class );

	final ExecutionOptions executionOptions = SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.buildExecutionOptions(
			config,
			ExceptionHandlerHaltImpl.INSTANCE
	);

	tool.getSchemaValidator( config ).doValidation( metadata, executionOptions );
}
 

@Override
public void doCreation(
		Metadata metadata,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
		TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor) {
	if ( targetDescriptor.getTargetTypes().isEmpty() ) {
		return;
	}

	final JdbcContext jdbcContext = tool.resolveJdbcContext( options.getConfigurationValues() );
	final GenerationTarget[] targets = tool.buildGenerationTargets(
			targetDescriptor,
			jdbcContext,
			options.getConfigurationValues(),
			true
	);

	doCreation( metadata, jdbcContext.getDialect(), options, sourceDescriptor, targets );
}
 

public void createFromScript(
		ScriptSourceInput scriptSourceInput,
		ImportSqlCommandExtractor commandExtractor,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	scriptSourceInput.prepare();
	try {
		for ( String command : scriptSourceInput.read( commandExtractor ) ) {
			applySqlString( command, formatter, options, targets );
		}
	}
	finally {
		scriptSourceInput.release();
	}
}
 

private static void applySqlString(
		String sqlString,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( StringHelper.isEmpty( sqlString ) ) {
		return;
	}

	try {
		String sqlStringFormatted = formatter.format( sqlString );
		for ( GenerationTarget target : targets ) {
			target.accept( sqlStringFormatted );
		}
	}
	catch (CommandAcceptanceException e) {
		options.getExceptionHandler().handleException( e );
	}
}
 

@Override
public void doValidation(Metadata metadata, ExecutionOptions options) {
	final JdbcContext jdbcContext = tool.resolveJdbcContext( options.getConfigurationValues() );

	final DdlTransactionIsolator isolator = tool.getDdlTransactionIsolator( jdbcContext );

	final DatabaseInformation databaseInformation = Helper.buildDatabaseInformation(
			tool.getServiceRegistry(),
			isolator,
			metadata.getDatabase().getDefaultNamespace().getName()
	);

	try {
		performValidation( metadata, databaseInformation, options, jdbcContext.getDialect() );
	}
	finally {
		try {
			databaseInformation.cleanup();
		}
		catch (Exception e) {
			log.debug( "Problem releasing DatabaseInformation : " + e.getMessage() );
		}

		isolator.release();
	}
}
 

@Override
protected void validateTables(
		Metadata metadata,
		DatabaseInformation databaseInformation,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		Dialect dialect, Namespace namespace) {

	final NameSpaceTablesInformation tables = databaseInformation.getTablesInformation( namespace );
	for ( Table table : namespace.getTables() ) {
		if ( schemaFilter.includeTable( table ) && table.isPhysicalTable() ) {
			validateTable(
					table,
					tables.getTableInformation( table ),
					metadata,
					options,
					dialect
			);
		}
	}
}
 

@Override
protected void validateTables(
		Metadata metadata,
		DatabaseInformation databaseInformation,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		Dialect dialect,
		Namespace namespace) {
	for ( Table table : namespace.getTables() ) {
		if ( schemaFilter.includeTable( table ) && table.isPhysicalTable() ) {
			final TableInformation tableInformation = databaseInformation.getTableInformation(
					table.getQualifiedTableName()
			);
			validateTable( table, tableInformation, metadata, options, dialect );
		}
	}
}
 

protected void migrateTable(
		Table table,
		TableInformation tableInformation,
		Dialect dialect,
		Metadata metadata,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	final Database database = metadata.getDatabase();

	//noinspection unchecked
	applySqlStrings(
			false,
			table.sqlAlterStrings(
					dialect,
					metadata,
					tableInformation,
					getDefaultCatalogName( database, dialect ),
					getDefaultSchemaName( database, dialect )
			),
			formatter,
			options,
			targets
	);
}
 

private static void applySqlString(
		boolean quiet,
		String sqlString,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( !StringHelper.isEmpty( sqlString ) ) {
		String sqlStringFormatted = formatter.format( sqlString );
		for ( GenerationTarget target : targets ) {
			try {
				target.accept( sqlStringFormatted );
			}
			catch (CommandAcceptanceException e) {
				if ( !quiet ) {
					options.getExceptionHandler().handleException( e );
				}
				// otherwise ignore the exception
			}
		}
	}
}
 

@Override
public void doDrop(
		Metadata metadata,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
		TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor) {

	if ( targetDescriptor.getTargetTypes().isEmpty() ) {
		return;
	}

	final JdbcContext jdbcContext = tool.resolveJdbcContext( options.getConfigurationValues() );
	final GenerationTarget[] targets = tool.buildGenerationTargets( targetDescriptor, jdbcContext, options.getConfigurationValues(), true );

	doDrop( metadata, options, jdbcContext.getDialect(), sourceDescriptor, targets );
}
 

private void performDrop(
		Metadata metadata,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		Dialect dialect,
		SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	final ImportSqlCommandExtractor commandExtractor = tool.getServiceRegistry().getService( ImportSqlCommandExtractor.class );
	final boolean format = Helper.interpretFormattingEnabled( options.getConfigurationValues() );
	final Formatter formatter = format ? FormatStyle.DDL.getFormatter() : FormatStyle.NONE.getFormatter();

	if ( sourceDescriptor.getSourceType() == SourceType.SCRIPT ) {
		dropFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
	}
	else if ( sourceDescriptor.getSourceType() == SourceType.METADATA ) {
		dropFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
	}
	else if ( sourceDescriptor.getSourceType() == SourceType.METADATA_THEN_SCRIPT ) {
		dropFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
		dropFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
	}
	else {
		dropFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
		dropFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
	}
}
 

private void dropFromScript(
		ScriptSourceInput scriptSourceInput,
		ImportSqlCommandExtractor commandExtractor,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	scriptSourceInput.prepare();
	try {
		for ( String command : scriptSourceInput.read( commandExtractor ) ) {
			applySqlString( command, formatter, options, targets );
		}
	}
	finally {
		scriptSourceInput.release();
	}
}
 

private static void applySqlString(
		String sqlString,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( StringHelper.isEmpty( sqlString ) ) {
		return;
	}

	String sqlStringFormatted = formatter.format( sqlString );
	for ( GenerationTarget target : targets ) {
		try {
			target.accept( sqlStringFormatted );
		}
		catch (CommandAcceptanceException e) {
			options.getExceptionHandler().handleException( e );
		}
	}
}
 

@Override
public DelayedDropAction buildDelayedAction(
    Metadata metadata, ExecutionOptions options, SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor) {

  try (Connection connection = tool.getDatabaseMetadataConnection(options)) {
    // Initialize exporters with drop table dependencies so tables are dropped in the right order.
    SpannerDatabaseInfo spannerDatabaseInfo = new SpannerDatabaseInfo(connection.getMetaData());
    tool.getSpannerTableExporter(options).init(
        metadata, spannerDatabaseInfo, Action.DROP);
    tool.getForeignKeyExporter(options).init(spannerDatabaseInfo);
    return schemaDropper.buildDelayedAction(metadata, options, sourceDescriptor);
  } catch (SQLException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException("Failed to update Spanner table schema.", e);
  }
}
 

List<String> createScript(Metadata metadata, Dialect d, boolean includeDrops) {
    final JournalingGenerationTarget target = new JournalingGenerationTarget();

    final ExecutionOptions options = new ExecutionOptions() {
        @Override
        public boolean shouldManageNamespaces() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public Map getConfigurationValues() {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }

        @Override
        public ExceptionHandler getExceptionHandler() {
            return ExceptionHandlerHaltImpl.INSTANCE;
        }
    };
    HibernateSchemaManagementTool tool = new HibernateSchemaManagementTool();
    tool.injectServices((ServiceRegistryImplementor) this.registry);
    SourceDescriptor sd = new SourceDescriptor() {
        @Override
        public SourceType getSourceType() {
            return SourceType.METADATA;
        }

        @Override
        public ScriptSourceInput getScriptSourceInput() {
            return null;
        }
    };
    if (includeDrops) {
        new SchemaDropperImpl(tool).doDrop(metadata, options, d, sd, target);
    }
    new SchemaCreatorImpl(tool).doCreation(metadata, d, options, sd, target);
    return target.commands;
}
 

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void execute(EnumSet<TargetType> targetTypes, Metadata metadata, ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry) {
	if ( targetTypes.isEmpty() ) {
		LOG.debug( "Skipping SchemaExport as no targets were specified" );
		return;
	}

	exceptions.clear();
	LOG.runningHbm2ddlSchemaUpdate();

	Map config = new HashMap();
	config.putAll( serviceRegistry.getService( ConfigurationService.class ).getSettings() );
	config.put( AvailableSettings.HBM2DDL_DELIMITER, delimiter );
	config.put( AvailableSettings.FORMAT_SQL, format );

	final SchemaManagementTool tool = serviceRegistry.getService( SchemaManagementTool.class );

	final ExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = haltOnError
			? ExceptionHandlerHaltImpl.INSTANCE
			: new ExceptionHandlerCollectingImpl();

	final ExecutionOptions executionOptions = SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.buildExecutionOptions(
			config,
			exceptionHandler
	);

	final TargetDescriptor targetDescriptor = SchemaExport.buildTargetDescriptor( targetTypes, outputFile, serviceRegistry );

	try {
		tool.getSchemaMigrator( config ).doMigration( metadata, executionOptions, targetDescriptor );
	}
	finally {
		if ( exceptionHandler instanceof ExceptionHandlerCollectingImpl ) {
			exceptions.addAll( ( (ExceptionHandlerCollectingImpl) exceptionHandler ).getExceptions() );
		}
	}
}
 

private void performCreation(
		Metadata metadata,
		Dialect dialect,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		SourceDescriptor sourceDescriptor,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	final ImportSqlCommandExtractor commandExtractor = tool.getServiceRegistry().getService( ImportSqlCommandExtractor.class );

	final boolean format = Helper.interpretFormattingEnabled( options.getConfigurationValues() );
	final Formatter formatter = format ? FormatStyle.DDL.getFormatter() : FormatStyle.NONE.getFormatter();

	switch ( sourceDescriptor.getSourceType() ) {
		case SCRIPT: {
			createFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
			break;
		}
		case METADATA: {
			createFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
			break;
		}
		case METADATA_THEN_SCRIPT: {
			createFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
			createFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
			break;
		}
		case SCRIPT_THEN_METADATA: {
			createFromScript( sourceDescriptor.getScriptSourceInput(), commandExtractor, formatter, options, targets );
			createFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, formatter, targets );
		}
	}

	applyImportSources( options, commandExtractor, format, targets );
}
 

private static void applySqlStrings(
		String[] sqlStrings,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( sqlStrings == null ) {
		return;
	}

	for ( String sqlString : sqlStrings ) {
		applySqlString( sqlString, formatter, options, targets );
	}
}
 

/**
 * For testing...
 *
 * @param metadata The metadata for which to generate the creation commands.
 *
 * @return The generation commands
 */
public List<String> generateCreationCommands(Metadata metadata, final boolean manageNamespaces) {
	final JournalingGenerationTarget target = new JournalingGenerationTarget();

	final ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = ( (MetadataImplementor) metadata ).getMetadataBuildingOptions()
			.getServiceRegistry();
	final Dialect dialect = serviceRegistry.getService( JdbcEnvironment.class ).getDialect();

	final ExecutionOptions options = new ExecutionOptions() {
		@Override
		public boolean shouldManageNamespaces() {
			return manageNamespaces;
		}

		@Override
		public Map getConfigurationValues() {
			return Collections.emptyMap();
		}

		@Override
		public ExceptionHandler getExceptionHandler() {
			return ExceptionHandlerHaltImpl.INSTANCE;
		}
	};

	createFromMetadata( metadata, options, dialect, FormatStyle.NONE.getFormatter(), target );

	return target.commands;
}
 

public void doCreation(
		Metadata metadata,
		final ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry,
		final Map settings,
		final boolean manageNamespaces,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	doCreation(
			metadata,
			serviceRegistry.getService( JdbcEnvironment.class ).getDialect(),
			new ExecutionOptions() {
				@Override
				public boolean shouldManageNamespaces() {
					return manageNamespaces;
				}

				@Override
				public Map getConfigurationValues() {
					return settings;
				}

				@Override
				public ExceptionHandler getExceptionHandler() {
					return ExceptionHandlerLoggedImpl.INSTANCE;
				}
			},
			new SourceDescriptor() {
				@Override
				public SourceType getSourceType() {
					return SourceType.METADATA;
				}

				@Override
				public ScriptSourceInput getScriptSourceInput() {
					return null;
				}
			},
			targets
	);
}
 

protected void validateTable(
		Table table,
		TableInformation tableInformation,
		Metadata metadata,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		Dialect dialect) {
	if ( tableInformation == null ) {
		throw new SchemaManagementException(
				String.format(
						"Schema-validation: missing table [%s]",
						table.getQualifiedTableName().toString()
				)
		);
	}

	final Iterator selectableItr = table.getColumnIterator();
	while ( selectableItr.hasNext() ) {
		final Selectable selectable = (Selectable) selectableItr.next();
		if ( Column.class.isInstance( selectable ) ) {
			final Column column = (Column) selectable;
			final ColumnInformation existingColumn = tableInformation.getColumn( Identifier.toIdentifier( column.getQuotedName() ) );
			if ( existingColumn == null ) {
				throw new SchemaManagementException(
						String.format(
								"Schema-validation: missing column [%s] in table [%s]",
								column.getName(),
								table.getQualifiedTableName()
						)
				);
			}
			validateColumnType( table, column, existingColumn, metadata, options, dialect );
		}
	}
}
 

protected void validateColumnType(
		Table table,
		Column column,
		ColumnInformation columnInformation,
		Metadata metadata,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		Dialect dialect) {
	boolean typesMatch = column.getSqlTypeCode( metadata ) == columnInformation.getTypeCode()
			|| column.getSqlType( dialect, metadata ).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith( columnInformation.getTypeName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) );
	if ( !typesMatch ) {
		throw new SchemaManagementException(
				String.format(
						"Schema-validation: wrong column type encountered in column [%s] in " +
								"table [%s]; found [%s (Types#%s)], but expecting [%s (Types#%s)]",
						column.getName(),
						table.getQualifiedTableName(),
						columnInformation.getTypeName().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
						JdbcTypeNameMapper.getTypeName( columnInformation.getTypeCode() ),
						column.getSqlType().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT),
						JdbcTypeNameMapper.getTypeName( column.getSqlTypeCode( metadata ) )
				)
		);
	}

	// this is the old Hibernate check...
	//
	// but I think a better check involves checks against type code and then the type code family, not
	// just the type name.
	//
	// See org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.JdbcTypeFamilyInformation
	// todo : this ^^
}
 

protected abstract NameSpaceTablesInformation performTablesMigration(
Metadata metadata,
DatabaseInformation existingDatabase,
ExecutionOptions options,
Dialect dialect,
Formatter formatter,
Set<String> exportIdentifiers,
boolean tryToCreateCatalogs,
boolean tryToCreateSchemas,
Set<Identifier> exportedCatalogs,
Namespace namespace, GenerationTarget[] targets);
 

protected void createTable(
		Table table,
		Dialect dialect,
		Metadata metadata,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	applySqlStrings(
			false,
			dialect.getTableExporter().getSqlCreateStrings( table, metadata ),
			formatter,
			options,
			targets
	);
}
 

protected void applyIndexes(
		Table table,
		TableInformation tableInformation,
		Dialect dialect,
		Metadata metadata,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	final Exporter<Index> exporter = dialect.getIndexExporter();

	final Iterator<Index> indexItr = table.getIndexIterator();
	while ( indexItr.hasNext() ) {
		final Index index = indexItr.next();
		if ( !StringHelper.isEmpty( index.getName() ) ) {
			IndexInformation existingIndex = null;
			if ( tableInformation != null ) {
				existingIndex = findMatchingIndex( index, tableInformation );
			}
			if ( existingIndex == null ) {
				applySqlStrings(
						false,
						exporter.getSqlCreateStrings( index, metadata ),
						formatter,
						options,
						targets
				);
			}
		}
	}
}
 

protected void applyForeignKeys(
		Table table,
		TableInformation tableInformation,
		Dialect dialect,
		Metadata metadata,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( dialect.hasAlterTable() ) {
		final Exporter<ForeignKey> exporter = dialect.getForeignKeyExporter();

		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		final Iterator<ForeignKey> fkItr = table.getForeignKeyIterator();
		while ( fkItr.hasNext() ) {
			final ForeignKey foreignKey = fkItr.next();
			if ( foreignKey.isPhysicalConstraint() && foreignKey.isCreationEnabled() ) {
				boolean existingForeignKeyFound = false;
				if ( tableInformation != null ) {
					existingForeignKeyFound = checkForExistingForeignKey(
							foreignKey,
							tableInformation
					);
				}
				if ( !existingForeignKeyFound ) {
					// todo : shouldn't we just drop+recreate if FK exists?
					//		this follows the existing code from legacy SchemaUpdate which just skipped

					// in old SchemaUpdate code, this was the trigger to "create"
					applySqlStrings(
							false,
							exporter.getSqlCreateStrings( foreignKey, metadata ),
							formatter,
							options,
							targets
					);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
 

protected static void applySqlStrings(
		boolean quiet,
		String[] sqlStrings,
		Formatter formatter,
		ExecutionOptions options,
		GenerationTarget... targets) {
	if ( sqlStrings != null ) {
		for ( String sqlString : sqlStrings ) {
			applySqlString( quiet, sqlString, formatter, options, targets );
		}
	}
}