void bubbleSort() {
   LOG.info( "Entered the sort method.");

   for(int i = intArray.length -1; i >= 0  ; i--) {
     NDC.push("i=" + i);
     OUTER.debug("in outer loop.");
     for(int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
NDC.push("j=" + j);
// It is poor practice to ship code with log staments in tight loops.
// We do it anyway in this example.
INNER.debug( "in inner loop.");
        if(intArray[j] > intArray[j+1])
   swap(j, j+1);
NDC.pop();
     }
     NDC.pop();
   }
 }
 

/**
   * Tests CDATA element within NDC content.  See bug 37560.
   */
 public void testNDCWithCDATA() throws Exception {
     Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.example.bar");
     Level level = Level.INFO;
     String ndcMessage ="<envelope><faultstring><![CDATA[The EffectiveDate]]></faultstring><envelope>";
     NDC.push(ndcMessage);
     LoggingEvent event =
       new LoggingEvent(
         "com.example.bar", logger, level, "Hello, World", null);
     Layout layout = createLayout();
     String result = layout.format(event);
     NDC.clear();
     Element parsedResult = parse(result);
     NodeList ndcs = parsedResult.getElementsByTagName("log4j:NDC");
     assertEquals(1, ndcs.getLength());
     StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
     for(Node child = ndcs.item(0).getFirstChild();
             child != null;
             child = child.getNextSibling()) {
         buf.append(child.getNodeValue());
     }
     assertEquals(ndcMessage, buf.toString());
}
 

/**
 *  The pattern on the server side: %5p %x %X{key1}%X{key4} [%t] %c{1} - %m%n 
 *  meaning that we are testing NDC, MDC and localization functionality across 
 *  the wire.  
*/
public void test4() throws Exception {
  socketAppender = new SocketAppender("localhost", PORT);
  socketAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  rootLogger.addAppender(socketAppender);

  NDC.push("some");
  common("T4", "key4", "MDC-TEST4");
  NDC.pop();
  delay(1);
  //
  //  These tests check MDC operation which
  //    requires JDK 1.2 or later
  if(!System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.1.")) {
  
      ControlFilter cf = new ControlFilter(new String[]{PAT4, EXCEPTION1, 
				           EXCEPTION2, EXCEPTION3, EXCEPTION4, EXCEPTION5});
      Transformer.transform(
        TEMP, FILTERED,
        new Filter[] { cf, new LineNumberFilter(), 
            new JunitTestRunnerFilter(),
            new SunReflectFilter() });

      assertTrue(Compare.compare(FILTERED, "witness/socketServer.4"));
  }
}
 

/**
 * The pattern on the server side: %5p %x %X{hostID}${key7} [%t] %c{1} - %m%n 
 *
 * This test checks whether server side MDC works.
 */
public void test8() throws Exception {
  socketAppender = new SocketAppender("localhost", PORT);
  socketAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  rootLogger.addAppender(socketAppender);

  NDC.push("some8");
  common("T8", "key8", "MDC-TEST8");
  NDC.pop();
  delay(2);
  //
  //  These tests check MDC operation which
  //    requires JDK 1.2 or later
  if(!System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.1.")) {
      ControlFilter cf = new ControlFilter(new String[]{PAT8, EXCEPTION1, 
				           EXCEPTION2, EXCEPTION3, EXCEPTION4, EXCEPTION5});
  
      Transformer.transform(
        TEMP, FILTERED,
        new Filter[] { cf, new LineNumberFilter(), 
            new JunitTestRunnerFilter(),
            new SunReflectFilter() });
      assertTrue(Compare.compare(FILTERED, "witness/socketServer.8"));
  }
}
 

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
{
    count_++;
    String ndcName = getClass().getName();
    ndcName = ndcName.substring(ndcName.lastIndexOf('.')+1);
    NDC.push(ndcName);
    NDC.push("call-" + count_);
    logger_.info("begin onService");
    try
    {
        onService(req, resp);
    }
    catch (Exception exc)
    {
        lastException = exc;
        resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
    finally
    {
        logger_.info("end onService");
        NDC.pop();
        NDC.pop();
    }
}
 

private int ndcPush() {
	int count = 0;
	try {
		UserContext user = getUser();
		if (user != null) {
			NDC.push("uid:" + user.getTrueExternalUserId()); count++;
			if (user.getCurrentAuthority() != null) {
				NDC.push("role:" + user.getCurrentAuthority().getRole()); count++;
				Long sessionId = user.getCurrentAcademicSessionId();
				if (sessionId != null) {
					NDC.push("sid:" + sessionId); count++;
				}
			}
		}
	} catch (Exception e) {}
	return count;
}
 

public void run() {
    NDC.push("main");

    try {
        log.info("starting up daemon");
        isStarted = true;
        //noinspection InfiniteLoopStatement
        while (!ss.isClosed()) {
            try {
                final Socket socket = ss.accept();
                socket.setSoTimeout(60000);
                socket.setTcpNoDelay(true);
                log.info("received connection, running");
                executor.execute(new DaemonWorker(socket));
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.warn("server socket error", e);
            }
        }
    } finally {
        NDC.pop();
    }
}
 

@Override
public void run() {
    try {
        final InetAddress remoteAddress = socket.getInetAddress();
        NDC.push("DaemonWorker(" + socket.getRemoteSocketAddress() + ")");
        try {
            internalRun();
        } finally {
            NDC.pop();
        }
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        if (e.getCause() instanceof SocketException) {
            log.warn("worker exception", e);
        } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
            log.warn("worker exception", e);
        } else {
            log.error("worker exception", e);
        }
        throw e;
    }
}
 

protected void notify(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext, String jobStatus) {
    try {
        StringBuilder mailMessageSubject = new StringBuilder(jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getGroup()).append(": ").append(jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getName());
        MailMessage mailMessage = new MailMessage();
        mailMessage.setFromAddress(mailService.getBatchMailingList());
        if (jobExecutionContext.getMergedJobDataMap().containsKey(REQUESTOR_EMAIL_ADDRESS_KEY) && !StringUtils.isBlank(jobExecutionContext.getMergedJobDataMap().getString(REQUESTOR_EMAIL_ADDRESS_KEY))) {
            mailMessage.addToAddress(jobExecutionContext.getMergedJobDataMap().getString(REQUESTOR_EMAIL_ADDRESS_KEY));
        }
        if (SchedulerService.FAILED_JOB_STATUS_CODE.equals(jobStatus) || SchedulerService.CANCELLED_JOB_STATUS_CODE.equals(jobStatus)) {
            mailMessage.addToAddress(mailService.getBatchMailingList());
        }
        mailMessageSubject.append(": ").append(jobStatus);
        String messageText = MessageFormat.format(configurationService.getPropertyValueAsString(KFSKeyConstants.MESSAGE_BATCH_FILE_LOG_EMAIL_BODY), getLogFileName(NDC.peek()));
        mailMessage.setMessage(messageText);
        if (mailMessage.getToAddresses().size() > 0) {
            mailMessage.setSubject(mailMessageSubject.toString());
            mailService.sendMessage(mailMessage);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception iae) {
        LOG.error("Caught exception while trying to send job completion notification e-mail for " + jobExecutionContext.getJobDetail().getName(), iae);
    }
}
 

protected static CallContext register(User callingUser, Account callingAccount, Long userId, Long accountId, String contextId) {
    /*
            Unit tests will have multiple times of setup/tear-down call to this, remove assertions to all unit test to run
            assert s_currentContext.get() == null : "There's a context already so what does this new register context mean? " + s_currentContext.get().toString();
            if (s_currentContext.get() != null) { // FIXME: This should be removed soon.  I added this check only to surface all the places that have this problem.
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("There's a context already so what does this new register context mean? " + s_currentContext.get().toString());
            }
    */
    CallContext callingContext = null;
    if (userId == null || accountId == null) {
        callingContext = new CallContext(callingUser, callingAccount, contextId);
    } else {
        callingContext = new CallContext(userId, accountId, contextId);
    }
    s_currentContext.set(callingContext);
    NDC.push("ctx-" + UuidUtils.first(contextId));
    if (s_logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        s_logger.trace("Registered: " + callingContext);
    }

    s_currentContextStack.get().push(callingContext);

    return callingContext;
}
 

@RequestMapping(value = "/ndc/log4j", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity<Investment> postPayment(@RequestBody Investment investment) {
    // Add transactionId and owner to NDC
    NDC.push("tx.id=" + investment.getTransactionId());
    NDC.push("tx.owner=" + investment.getOwner());

    try {
        log4jBusinessService.transfer(investment.getAmount());
    } finally {
        // take out owner from the NDC stack
        NDC.pop();

        // take out transactionId from the NDC stack
        NDC.pop();

        NDC.remove();
    }
    return new ResponseEntity<Investment>(investment, HttpStatus.OK);
}
 

public String getValue(LogMessageField field) {

        switch (field.getNamedLogField()) {
            case Severity:
                return loggingEvent.getLevel().toString();
            case ThreadName:
                return loggingEvent.getThreadName();
            case SourceClassName:
                return getSourceClassName();
            case SourceLineNumber:
                return getSourceLineNumber();
            case SourceMethodName:
                return getSourceMethodName();
            case SourceSimpleClassName:
                String sourceClassName = getSourceClassName();
                if (sourceClassName == null) {
                    return null;
                }
                return GelfUtil.getSimpleClassName(sourceClassName);
            case LoggerName:
                return loggingEvent.getLoggerName();
            case NDC:
                String ndc = NDC.get();
                if (ndc != null && !"".equals(ndc)) {
                    return ndc;
                }
                return null;
        }

        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Cannot provide value for " + field);
    }
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC after the request is processed.
 */
@Override
public void afterCompletion(WebRequest request, Exception ex) throws Exception {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
}
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC when the processing thread is
 * exited after the start of asynchronous request handling.
 */
@Override
public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(WebRequest request) {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
}
 

/**
 * Logs the before-request message through Log4J and
 * adds a message the Log4J NDC before the request is processed.
 */
@Override
protected void beforeRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String message) {
	if (log4jLogger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log4jLogger.debug(message);
	}
	NDC.push(getNestedDiagnosticContextMessage(request));
}
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC after the request is processed
 * and logs the after-request message through Log4J.
 */
@Override
protected void afterRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String message) {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
	if (log4jLogger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log4jLogger.debug(message);
	}
}
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC after the request is processed.
 */
@Override
public void afterCompletion(WebRequest request, Exception ex) throws Exception {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
}
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC when the processing thread is
 * exited after the start of asynchronous request handling.
 */
@Override
public void afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(WebRequest request) {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
}
 

/**
 * Logs the before-request message through Log4J and
 * adds a message the Log4J NDC before the request is processed.
 */
@Override
protected void beforeRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String message) {
	if (log4jLogger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log4jLogger.debug(message);
	}
	NDC.push(getNestedDiagnosticContextMessage(request));
}
 

/**
 * Removes the log message from the Log4J NDC after the request is processed
 * and logs the after-request message through Log4J.
 */
@Override
protected void afterRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String message) {
	NDC.pop();
	if (NDC.getDepth() == 0) {
		NDC.remove();
	}
	if (log4jLogger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log4jLogger.debug(message);
	}
}
 

public static void main(String[] args) {
  BasicConfigurator.configure();
  NDC.push("Client #45890"); 

  logger.info("Awake awake. Put on thy strength.");
  Trivial.foo();
  InnerTrivial.foo();
  logger.info("Exiting Trivial.");    
}
 

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // Configure the LF5Appender using the DefaultLF5Configurator.  This
    // will add the LF5Appender to the root of the Category tree.
    DefaultLF5Configurator.configure();

    // Add an NDC to demonstrate how NDC information is output.
    NDC.push("#23856");
    // Log some information.
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        logger.debug("Hello, my name is Homer Simpson.");
        logger.info("Mmmmmm .... Chocolate.");
        logger.warn("Mmm...forbidden donut.");
    }
    // Clean up NDC
    NDC.pop();
    NDC.remove();

    NDC.push("Another NDC");
    // Log some information.
    logger.fatal("Hello, my name is Bart Simpson.");
    logger.error("Hi diddly ho good neighbour.");
    // Clean up NDC
    NDC.pop();
    NDC.remove();

    // Call methods on both classes.
    InitUsingDefaultConfigurator.foo();
    InnerInitUsingDefaultConfigurator.foo();

    logger.info("Exiting InitUsingDefaultConfigurator.");

}
 

public static void foo() {
    logger.debug("Entered foo in InitUsingDefaultConfigurator class");

    NDC.push("#123456");
    logger.debug("Hello, my name is Marge Simpson.");
    logger.info("D'oh!! A deer! A female deer.");
    // Clean up NDC
    NDC.pop();
    NDC.remove();
}
 

/**
   * Serialize a logging event with ndc.
   * @throws Exception if exception during test.
   *
   */
  public void testSerializationNDC() throws Exception {
    Logger root = Logger.getRootLogger();
    NDC.push("ndc test");

    LoggingEvent event =
      new LoggingEvent(
        root.getClass().getName(), root, Level.INFO, "Hello, world.", null);
//    event.prepareForDeferredProcessing();

    int[] skip = new int[] { 352, 353, 354, 355, 356 };
    SerializationTestHelper.assertSerializationEquals(
      "witness/serialization/ndc.bin", event, skip, 237);
    }
 

/**
   * Clear MDC and NDC before test.
   */
public void setUp() {
    NDC.clear();
    if (MDC.getContext() != null) {
      MDC.getContext().clear();
    }
}
 

/**
 * The pattern on the server side: %5p %x %X{key1}%X{key5} [%t] %c{1} - %m%n 
 *
 * The test case uses wraps an AsyncAppender around the
 * SocketAppender. This tests was written specifically for bug
 * report #9155.

 * Prior to the bug fix the output on the server did not contain the
 * MDC-TEST5 string because the MDC clone operation (in getMDCCopy
 * method) operation is performed twice, once from the main thread
 * which is correct, and a second time from the AsyncAppender's
 * dispatch thread which is incrorrect.

 */
public void test5() throws Exception {
  socketAppender = new SocketAppender("localhost", PORT);
  socketAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  AsyncAppender asyncAppender = new AsyncAppender();
  asyncAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  asyncAppender.addAppender(socketAppender);
  rootLogger.addAppender(asyncAppender);

  NDC.push("some5");
  common("T5", "key5", "MDC-TEST5");
  NDC.pop();
  delay(2);
  //
  //  These tests check MDC operation which
  //    requires JDK 1.2 or later
  if(!System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.1.")) {
      ControlFilter cf = new ControlFilter(new String[]{PAT5, EXCEPTION1, 
				           EXCEPTION2, EXCEPTION3, EXCEPTION4, EXCEPTION5});
  
      Transformer.transform(
        TEMP, FILTERED,
        new Filter[] { cf, new LineNumberFilter(), 
            new JunitTestRunnerFilter(),
            new SunReflectFilter() });

      assertTrue(Compare.compare(FILTERED, "witness/socketServer.5"));
  }
}
 

/**
 * The pattern on the server side: %5p %x %X{hostID}${key6} [%t] %c{1} - %m%n 
 *
 * This test checks whether client-side MDC overrides the server side.
 * It uses an AsyncAppender encapsulating a SocketAppender
 */
public void test6() throws Exception {
  socketAppender = new SocketAppender("localhost", PORT);
  socketAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  AsyncAppender asyncAppender = new AsyncAppender();
  asyncAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  asyncAppender.addAppender(socketAppender);
  rootLogger.addAppender(asyncAppender);

  NDC.push("some6");
  MDC.put("hostID", "client-test6");
  common("T6", "key6", "MDC-TEST6");
  NDC.pop();
  MDC.remove("hostID");
  delay(2);
  //
  //  These tests check MDC operation which
  //    requires JDK 1.2 or later
  if(!System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.1.")) {
      ControlFilter cf = new ControlFilter(new String[]{PAT6, EXCEPTION1, 
				           EXCEPTION2, EXCEPTION3, EXCEPTION4, EXCEPTION5});
  
      Transformer.transform(
        TEMP, FILTERED,
        new Filter[] { cf, new LineNumberFilter(), 
            new JunitTestRunnerFilter(),
            new SunReflectFilter() });

      assertTrue(Compare.compare(FILTERED, "witness/socketServer.6"));
  }
}
 

/**
 * The pattern on the server side: %5p %x %X{hostID}${key7} [%t] %c{1} - %m%n 
 *
 * This test checks whether client-side MDC overrides the server side.
 */
public void test7() throws Exception {
  socketAppender = new SocketAppender("localhost", PORT);
  socketAppender.setLocationInfo(true);
  rootLogger.addAppender(socketAppender);

  NDC.push("some7");
  MDC.put("hostID", "client-test7");
  common("T7", "key7", "MDC-TEST7");
  NDC.pop();
  MDC.remove("hostID"); 
  delay(2);
  //
  //  These tests check MDC operation which
  //    requires JDK 1.2 or later
  if(!System.getProperty("java.version").startsWith("1.1.")) {
      ControlFilter cf = new ControlFilter(new String[]{PAT7, EXCEPTION1, 
				           EXCEPTION2, EXCEPTION3, EXCEPTION4, EXCEPTION5});
  
      Transformer.transform(
        TEMP, FILTERED,
        new Filter[] { cf, new LineNumberFilter(), 
            new JunitTestRunnerFilter(),
            new SunReflectFilter() });
      assertTrue(Compare.compare(FILTERED, "witness/socketServer.7"));
  }
}
 

static 
void common(String dc, String key, Object o) {
  String oldThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
  Thread.currentThread().setName("main");

  int i = -1; 
  NDC.push(dc); 
  MDC.put(key, o);
  Logger root = Logger.getRootLogger();

  logger.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
  rootLogger.setLevel(Level.DEBUG);
  
  logger.log(XLevel.TRACE, "Message " + ++i);

  logger.setLevel(Level.TRACE);
  rootLogger.setLevel(Level.TRACE);
  
  logger.trace("Message " + ++i);
  root.trace("Message " + ++i);
  logger.debug("Message " + ++i);
  root.debug("Message " + ++i);
  logger.info("Message " + ++i);
  logger.warn("Message " + ++i);
  logger.log(XLevel.LETHAL, "Message " + ++i); //5
  
  Exception e = new Exception("Just testing");
  logger.debug("Message " + ++i, e);
  root.error("Message " + ++i, e);
  NDC.pop();
  MDC.remove(key);

  Thread.currentThread().setName(oldThreadName);
}
 

static
 void init(String portStr, String configFile) {
try {
  port   = Integer.parseInt(portStr);
}
catch(java.lang.NumberFormatException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  usage("Could not interpret port number ["+ portStr +"].");
}
PropertyConfigurator.configure(configFile);
NDC.push("Server");
 }