Joda Time 有一个很好的DateTimeUtils.setCurrentMillisFixed()来模拟时间。
在测试中非常实用。
Java 8 的 java.time API 中是否有等价物?
Joda Time 有一个很好的DateTimeUtils.setCurrentMillisFixed()来模拟时间。
在测试中非常实用。
Java 8 的 java.time API 中是否有等价物?
我使用了一个新类来隐藏Clock.fixed
创建并简化测试:
public class TimeMachine {
private static Clock clock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
private static ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();
public static LocalDateTime now() {
return LocalDateTime.now(getClock());
}
public static void useFixedClockAt(LocalDateTime date){
clock = Clock.fixed(date.atZone(zoneId).toInstant(), zoneId);
}
public static void useSystemDefaultZoneClock(){
clock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
}
private static Clock getClock() {
return clock ;
}
}
public class MyClass {
public void doSomethingWithTime() {
LocalDateTime now = TimeMachine.now();
...
}
}
@Test
public void test() {
LocalDateTime twoWeeksAgo = LocalDateTime.now().minusWeeks(2);
MyClass myClass = new MyClass();
TimeMachine.useFixedClockAt(twoWeeksAgo);
myClass.doSomethingWithTime();
TimeMachine.useSystemDefaultZoneClock();
myClass.doSomethingWithTime();
...
}
我用了一个字段
private Clock clock;
进而
LocalDate.now(clock);
在我的生产代码中。然后我在单元测试中使用 Mockito 使用 Clock.fixed() 模拟时钟:
@Mock
private Clock clock;
private Clock fixedClock;
嘲讽:
fixedClock = Clock.fixed(Instant.now(), ZoneId.systemDefault());
doReturn(fixedClock.instant()).when(clock).instant();
doReturn(fixedClock.getZone()).when(clock).getZone();
断言:
assertThat(expectedLocalDateTime, is(LocalDate.now(fixedClock)));
我发现使用Clock
混乱您的生产代码。
您可以使用JMockit或PowerMock来模拟测试代码中的静态方法调用。JMockit 示例:
@Test
public void testSth() {
LocalDate today = LocalDate.of(2000, 6, 1);
new Expectations(LocalDate.class) {{
LocalDate.now(); result = today;
}};
Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now(), today);
}
编辑:在阅读了关于 Jon Skeet 对类似问题的回答的评论后,我不同意我过去的自我。最重要的是,这个论点让我相信,当你模拟静态方法时,你不能并行化测试。
但是,如果您必须处理遗留代码,您仍然可以/必须使用静态模拟。
有点晚了,但这里是我使用java.date
Kotlin 中的API来模拟时间的方法:
val now = LocalDate.of(2021, Month.FEBRUARY, 19)
val clock = Clock.fixed(Instant.ofEpochSecond(
now.atStartOfDay().toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.UTC)
), ZoneId.systemDefault())
然后你可以把你的时钟传给班级来测试
val classToTest = MyClass(clock)
当然,在您的可测试类中,您将使用时钟来检索日期或时间:
class MyClass(private val clock: Clock = Clock.systemDefaultZone()) {
// ...
fun doSomething() = LocalDate.now(clock)...
我需要LocalDate
实例而不是LocalDateTime
.
出于这样的原因,我创建了以下实用程序类:
public final class Clock {
private static long time;
private Clock() {
}
public static void setCurrentDate(LocalDate date) {
Clock.time = date.toEpochDay();
}
public static LocalDate getCurrentDate() {
return LocalDate.ofEpochDay(getDateMillis());
}
public static void resetDate() {
Clock.time = 0;
}
private static long getDateMillis() {
return (time == 0 ? LocalDate.now().toEpochDay() : time);
}
}
它的用法是:
class ClockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Clock.getCurrentDate());
Clock.setCurrentDate(LocalDate.of(1998, 12, 12));
System.out.println(Clock.getCurrentDate());
Clock.resetDate();
System.out.println(Clock.getCurrentDate());
}
}
输出:
2019-01-03
1998-12-12
2019-01-03
将所有创建替换LocalDate.now()
为Clock.getCurrentDate()
项目中。
因为它是spring boot应用程序。在test
配置文件执行之前,只需为所有测试设置一个预定义的日期:
public class TestProfileConfigurer implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationPreparedEvent> {
private static final LocalDate TEST_DATE_MOCK = LocalDate.of(...);
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationPreparedEvent event) {
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = event.getApplicationContext().getEnvironment();
if (environment.acceptsProfiles(Profiles.of("test"))) {
Clock.setCurrentDate(TEST_DATE_MOCK);
}
}
}
并添加到spring.factories:
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=com.init.TestProfileConfigurer
Joda Time 确实不错(谢谢 Stephen、Brian,你们让我们的世界变得更美好)但我不被允许使用它。
经过一些试验,我最终想出了一种使用 EasyMock 在 Java 8 的 java.time API 中模拟时间到特定日期的方法
以下是需要做的事情:
java.time.Clock
向测试类添加一个新属性,MyService
并确保使用实例化块或构造函数在默认值下正确初始化新属性:
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
public class MyService {
// (...)
private Clock clock;
public Clock getClock() { return clock; }
public void setClock(Clock newClock) { clock = newClock; }
public void initDefaultClock() {
setClock(
Clock.system(
Clock.systemDefaultZone().getZone()
// You can just as well use
// java.util.TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId() instead
)
);
}
{ initDefaultClock(); } // initialisation in an instantiation block, but
// it can be done in a constructor just as well
// (...)
}
将新属性clock
注入到调用当前日期时间的方法中。例如,在我的情况下,我必须检查存储在数据库中的日期是否发生在 之前LocalDateTime.now()
,我将其替换为LocalDateTime.now(clock)
,如下所示:
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
public class MyService {
// (...)
protected void doExecute() {
LocalDateTime dateToBeCompared = someLogic.whichReturns().aDate().fromDB();
while (dateToBeCompared.isBefore(LocalDateTime.now(clock))) {
someOtherLogic();
}
}
// (...)
}
在测试类中,创建一个模拟时钟对象,并在调用测试方法之前将其注入到测试类的实例中doExecute()
,然后立即将其重置,如下所示:
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import org.junit.Test;
public class MyServiceTest {
// (...)
private int year = 2017; // Be this a specific
private int month = 2; // date we need
private int day = 3; // to simulate.
@Test
public void doExecuteTest() throws Exception {
// (...) EasyMock stuff like mock(..), expect(..), replay(..) and whatnot
MyService myService = new MyService();
Clock mockClock =
Clock.fixed(
LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, 0, 0).toInstant(OffsetDateTime.now().getOffset()),
Clock.systemDefaultZone().getZone() // or java.util.TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId()
);
myService.setClock(mockClock); // set it before calling the tested method
myService.doExecute(); // calling tested method
myService.initDefaultClock(); // reset the clock to default right afterwards with our own previously created method
// (...) remaining EasyMock stuff: verify(..) and assertEquals(..)
}
}
在调试模式下检查,您将看到 2017 年 2 月 3 日的日期已正确注入myService
实例并在比较指令中使用,然后已正确重置为当前日期initDefaultClock()
。
我java.time.Clock
与 mockito 依赖一起使用
testImplementation("org.mockito:mockito-core")
testImplementation("org.mockito:mockito-inline")
服务类使用Clock
将在测试中模拟的字段。
@Service
public class DeliveryWithDateService {
private final Clock clock = Clock.systemUTC();
public Delivery plan(UUID orderId) {
return Delivery.builder()
.id(UUID.randomUUID())
.orderId(orderId)
.createdAt(ZonedDateTime.now(clock))
.plannedAt(ZonedDateTime.now(clock)
.plusDays(1)
.withHour(8)
.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.HOURS))
.build();
}
public Delivery ship(Delivery delivery) {
return Delivery.builder()
.id(delivery.getId())
.orderId(delivery.getOrderId())
.createdAt(delivery.getCreatedAt())
.shippedAt(ZonedDateTime.now(clock))
.build();
}
}
@Value
@Builder
public class Delivery {
private UUID id;
private UUID orderId;
private ZonedDateTime createdAt;
private ZonedDateTime plannedAt;
private ZonedDateTime shippedAt;
}
单元测试使用Mockito.mockStatic
来模拟Clock
.
@SpringBootTest
public class DeliveryWithDateServiceTest {
@Autowired
private DeliveryWithDateService deliveryService;
private static Clock clock;
private static ZonedDateTime now;
@BeforeAll
static void setupClock() {
clock = Clock.fixed(
Instant.parse("2020-12-01T10:05:23.653Z"),
ZoneId.of("Europe/Prague"));
now = ZonedDateTime.now(clock);
var clockMock = Mockito.mockStatic(Clock.class);
clockMock.when(Clock::systemUTC).thenReturn(clock);
}
@Test
void delivery_is_planned() {
var orderId = UUID.randomUUID();
var delivery = deliveryService.plan(orderId);
var tomorrowAt8am = now.plusDays(1).withHour(8).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.HOURS);
assertAll(
() -> assertThat(delivery).isNotNull(),
() -> assertThat(delivery.getId()).isNotNull(),
() -> assertThat(delivery.getOrderId()).isEqualTo(orderId),
() -> assertThat(delivery.getCreatedAt()).isEqualTo(now),
() -> assertThat(delivery.getPlannedAt()).isEqualTo(tomorrowAt8am),
() -> assertThat(delivery.getShippedAt()).isNull()
);
}
@Test
void delivery_is_shipped() {
var delivery = deliveryService.plan(UUID.randomUUID());
var shipped = deliveryService.ship(delivery);
assertAll(
() -> assertThat(shipped).isNotNull(),
() -> assertThat(shipped.getId()).isEqualTo(delivery.getId()),
() -> assertThat(shipped.getOrderId()).isEqualTo(delivery.getOrderId()),
() -> assertThat(shipped.getCreatedAt()).isEqualTo(delivery.getCreatedAt()),
() -> assertThat(shipped.getShippedAt()).isEqualTo(now)
);
}
}
这个例子甚至展示了如何结合 Instant 和 LocalTime(转换问题的详细解释)
被测类
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.LocalTime;
public class TimeMachine {
private LocalTime from = LocalTime.MIDNIGHT;
private LocalTime until = LocalTime.of(6, 0);
private Clock clock = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
public boolean isInInterval() {
LocalTime now = LocalTime.now(clock);
return now.isAfter(from) && now.isBefore(until);
}
}
Groovy 测试
import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.runner.RunWith
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized
import java.time.Clock
import java.time.Instant
import static java.time.ZoneOffset.UTC
import static org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters
@RunWith(Parameterized)
class TimeMachineTest {
@Parameters(name = "{0} - {2}")
static data() {
[
["01:22:00", true, "in interval"],
["23:59:59", false, "before"],
["06:01:00", false, "after"],
]*.toArray()
}
String time
boolean expected
TimeMachineTest(String time, boolean expected, String testName) {
this.time = time
this.expected = expected
}
@Test
void test() {
TimeMachine timeMachine = new TimeMachine()
timeMachine.clock = Clock.fixed(Instant.parse("2010-01-01T${time}Z"), UTC)
def result = timeMachine.isInInterval()
assert result == expected
}
}
借助 PowerMockito 进行春季启动测试,您可以模拟ZonedDateTime
. 您需要以下内容。
在测试类中,您需要准备使用ZonedDateTime
.
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({EscalationService.class})
@SpringBootTest
public class TestEscalationCases {
@Autowired
private EscalationService escalationService;
//...
}
在测试中,您可以准备所需的时间,并在方法调用的响应中获取它。
@Test
public void escalateOnMondayAt14() throws Exception {
ZonedDateTime preparedTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
preparedTime = preparedTime.with(DayOfWeek.MONDAY);
preparedTime = preparedTime.withHour(14);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(ZonedDateTime.class);
PowerMockito.when(ZonedDateTime.now(ArgumentMatchers.any(ZoneId.class))).thenReturn(preparedTime);
// ... Assertions
}
使用 jmockit:
代码:
// Mocking time as 9am
final String mockTime = "09:00:00"
new MockUp<LocalTime>() {
@Mock
public LocalTime now() {
return LocalTime.parse(mockTime);
}
};
进口:
import mockit.MockUp;
import mockit.Mock;
依赖:
<groupId>org.jmockit</groupId>
<artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
<version>1.41</version>
最接近的东西是
Clock
物体。您可以使用任何时间(或从系统当前时间)创建时钟对象。所有 date.time 对象都有重载的now
方法,这些方法采用时钟对象代替当前时间。所以你可以使用依赖注入来注入具有特定时间的时钟:public class MyBean { private Clock clock; // dependency inject ... public void process(LocalDate eventDate) { if (eventDate.isBefore(LocalDate.now(clock)) { ... } } }
有关更多详细信息,请参阅时钟 JavaDoc