private void renderJoin(Join join, JoinFragment joinFragment) {
	if ( CompositeQuerySpace.class.isInstance( join.getRightHandSide() ) ) {
		handleCompositeJoin( join, joinFragment );
	}
	else if ( EntityQuerySpace.class.isInstance( join.getRightHandSide() ) ) {
		// do not render the entity join for a one-to-many association, since the collection join
		// already joins to the associated entity table (see doc in renderCollectionJoin()).
		if ( join.getLeftHandSide().getDisposition() == QuerySpace.Disposition.COLLECTION ) {
			if ( CollectionQuerySpace.class.cast( join.getLeftHandSide() ).getCollectionPersister().isManyToMany() ) {
				renderManyToManyJoin( join, joinFragment );
			}
			else if ( JoinDefinedByMetadata.class.isInstance( join ) &&
					CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES.equals( JoinDefinedByMetadata.class.cast( join ).getJoinedPropertyName() ) ) {
				renderManyToManyJoin( join, joinFragment );
			}
		}
		else {
			renderEntityJoin( join, joinFragment );
		}
	}
	else if ( CollectionQuerySpace.class.isInstance( join.getRightHandSide() ) ) {
		renderCollectionJoin( join, joinFragment );
	}
}
 

public String[] toAliasedColumns(String alias, String propertyName) {
	final QueryableCollection queryableCollection = (QueryableCollection) persister;
	if ( propertyName.equals( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS ) ) {
		return queryableCollection.getElementColumnNames( alias );
	}
	else if ( propertyName.equals( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES ) ) {
		return queryableCollection.getIndexColumnNames( alias );
	}
	else {
		throw new IllegalArgumentException(
				String.format(
						"Collection propertyName must be either %s or %s; instead it was %s.",
						CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS,
						CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES,
						propertyName
				)
		);
	}
}
 

@Override
public String[] toColumns(String alias, String propertyName) throws QueryException {
	validate( propertyName );
	final String joinTableAlias = joinSequence.getFirstJoin().getAlias();
	if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDEX.equals( propertyName ) ) {
		return queryableCollection.toColumns( joinTableAlias, propertyName );
	}

	final String[] cols = queryableCollection.getIndexColumnNames( joinTableAlias );
	if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_MIN_INDEX.equals( propertyName ) ) {
		if ( cols.length != 1 ) {
			throw new QueryException( "composite collection index in minIndex()" );
		}
		return new String[] {"min(" + cols[0] + ')'};
	}
	else {
		if ( cols.length != 1 ) {
			throw new QueryException( "composite collection index in maxIndex()" );
		}
		return new String[] {"max(" + cols[0] + ')'};
	}
}
 

private void preprocess(String token, QueryTranslatorImpl q) throws QueryException {
	// ugly hack for cases like "elements(foo.bar.collection)"
	// (multi-part path expression ending in elements or indices)
	String[] tokens = StringHelper.split( ".", token, true );
	if (
			tokens.length > 5 &&
			( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( tokens[tokens.length - 1] )
			|| CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES.equals( tokens[tokens.length - 1] ) )
	) {
		pathExpressionParser.start( q );
		for ( int i = 0; i < tokens.length - 3; i++ ) {
			pathExpressionParser.token( tokens[i], q );
		}
		pathExpressionParser.token( null, q );
		pathExpressionParser.end( q );
		addJoin( pathExpressionParser.getWhereJoin(), q );
		pathExpressionParser.ignoreInitialJoin();
	}
}
 

public void end(QueryTranslatorImpl q) throws QueryException {
	if ( !isCollectionValued() ) {
		Type type = getPropertyType();
		if ( type.isEntityType() ) {
			// "finish off" the join
			token( ".", q );
			token( null, q );
		}
		else if ( type.isCollectionType() ) {
			// default to element set if no elements() specified
			token( ".", q );
			token( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS, q );
		}
	}
	super.end( q );
}
 

private void preprocess(String token, QueryTranslatorImpl q) throws QueryException {
	// ugly hack for cases like "elements(foo.bar.collection)"
	// (multi-part path expression ending in elements or indices)
	String[] tokens = StringHelper.split( ".", token, true );
	if (
			tokens.length > 5 &&
			( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( tokens[tokens.length - 1] )
			|| CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES.equals( tokens[tokens.length - 1] ) )
	) {
		pathExpressionParser.start( q );
		for ( int i = 0; i < tokens.length - 3; i++ ) {
			pathExpressionParser.token( tokens[i], q );
		}
		pathExpressionParser.token( null, q );
		pathExpressionParser.end( q );
		addJoin( pathExpressionParser.getWhereJoin(), q );
		pathExpressionParser.ignoreInitialJoin();
	}
}
 

public void end(QueryTranslatorImpl q) throws QueryException {
	if ( !isCollectionValued() ) {
		Type type = getPropertyType();
		if ( type.isEntityType() ) {
			// "finish off" the join
			token( ".", q );
			token( null, q );
		}
		else if ( type.isCollectionType() ) {
			// default to element set if no elements() specified
			token( ".", q );
			token( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS, q );
		}
	}
	super.end( q );
}
 

@Override
public void addJoin(Join join) {
	if ( JoinDefinedByMetadata.class.isInstance( join ) ) {
		final JoinDefinedByMetadata joinDefinedByMetadata = (JoinDefinedByMetadata) join;
		if ( joinDefinedByMetadata.getJoinedPropertyName().equals( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS ) ) {
			if ( elementJoin == null ) {
				elementJoin = joinDefinedByMetadata;
			}
			else {
				throw new IllegalStateException( "Attempt to add an element join, but an element join already exists." );
			}
		}
		else if ( joinDefinedByMetadata.getJoinedPropertyName().equals( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES ) ) {
			if ( indexJoin == null ) {
				indexJoin = joinDefinedByMetadata;
			}
			else {
				throw new IllegalStateException( "Attempt to add an index join, but an index join already exists." );
			}
		}
		else {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					String.format(
							"Collection propertyName must be either %s or %s; instead the joined property name was %s.",
							CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS,
							CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES,
							joinDefinedByMetadata.getJoinedPropertyName()
					)
			);
		}
	}
	internalGetJoins().add( join );
}
 

protected void resolveCollectionProperty(AST expr) throws SemanticException {
		String propertyName = CollectionProperties.getNormalizedPropertyName( methodName );
		if ( expr instanceof FromReferenceNode ) {
			FromReferenceNode collectionNode = (FromReferenceNode) expr;
			// If this is 'elements' then create a new FROM element.
			if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( propertyName ) ) {
				handleElements( collectionNode, propertyName );
			}
			else {
				// Not elements(x)
				fromElement = collectionNode.getFromElement();

				final CollectionPropertyReference cpr = fromElement.getCollectionPropertyReference( propertyName );
				setDataType( cpr.getType() );
				selectColumns = cpr.toColumns( fromElement.getTableAlias() );

//				setDataType( fromElement.getPropertyType( propertyName, propertyName ) );
				selectColumns = fromElement.toColumns( fromElement.getTableAlias(), propertyName, inSelect );
			}
			if ( collectionNode instanceof DotNode ) {
				prepareAnyImplicitJoins( (DotNode) collectionNode );
			}
			if ( !inSelect ) {
				fromElement.setText( "" );
				fromElement.setUseWhereFragment( false );
			}
			prepareSelectColumns( selectColumns );
			setText( selectColumns[0] );
			setType( SqlTokenTypes.SQL_TOKEN );
		}
		else {
			throw new SemanticException(
					"Unexpected expression " + expr +
							" found for collection function " + propertyName
			);
		}
	}
 

private void validate(String propertyName) {
	if ( !( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDEX.equals( propertyName )
			|| CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_MAX_INDEX.equals( propertyName )
			|| CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_MIN_INDEX.equals( propertyName ) ) ) {
		throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Expecting index-related function call" );
	}
}
 

public void resolveCollectionProperty(AST expr) throws SemanticException {
	String propertyName = CollectionProperties.getNormalizedPropertyName( getMethodName() );
	if ( expr instanceof FromReferenceNode ) {
		FromReferenceNode collectionNode = ( FromReferenceNode ) expr;
		// If this is 'elements' then create a new FROM element.
		if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( propertyName ) ) {
			handleElements( collectionNode, propertyName );
		}
		else {
			// Not elements(x)
			fromElement = collectionNode.getFromElement();
			setDataType( fromElement.getPropertyType( propertyName, propertyName ) );
			selectColumns = fromElement.toColumns( fromElement.getTableAlias(), propertyName, inSelect );
		}
		if ( collectionNode instanceof DotNode ) {
			prepareAnyImplicitJoins( ( DotNode ) collectionNode );
		}
		if ( !inSelect ) {
			fromElement.setText( "" );
			fromElement.setUseWhereFragment( false );
		}
		prepareSelectColumns( selectColumns );
		setText( selectColumns[0] );
		setType( SqlTokenTypes.SQL_TOKEN );
	}
	else {
		throw new SemanticException( 
				"Unexpected expression " + expr + 
				" found for collection function " + propertyName 
			);
	}
}
 

@Override
public String findAssignmentIdForGradebookLink(String context, String linkId) {
    return String.valueOf(startCriteriaQuery()
            .createAlias("properties", "p")
            .add(Restrictions.eq("context", context))
            .add(Restrictions.eq("p." + CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES, AssignmentConstants.PROP_ASSIGNMENT_ASSOCIATE_GRADEBOOK_ASSIGNMENT))
            .add(Restrictions.eq("p." + CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS, linkId))
            .setProjection(Projections.property("id"))
            .uniqueResult());
}
 

@Override
public String findAssignmentIdForGradebookLink(String context, String linkId) {
    return String.valueOf(startCriteriaQuery()
            .createAlias("properties", "p")
            .add(Restrictions.eq("context", context))
            .add(Restrictions.eq("p." + CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES, AssignmentConstants.PROP_ASSIGNMENT_ASSOCIATE_GRADEBOOK_ASSIGNMENT))
            .add(Restrictions.eq("p." + CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS, linkId))
            .setProjection(Projections.property("id"))
            .uniqueResult());
}
 

private void registerCollectionJoinAliases(AliasResolutionContextImpl mutableAliasResolutionContext,
		CollectionQuerySpace rightHandSide) {
	// The SQL join to the "collection table" needs to be rendered.
	//
	// In the case of a basic collection, that's the only join needed.
	//
	// For one-to-many/many-to-many, we need to render the "collection table join"
	// here (as already stated). There will be a follow-on join (rhs will have a join) for the associated entity.
	// For many-to-many, the follow-on join will join to the associated entity element table. For one-to-many,
	// the collection table is the associated entity table, so the follow-on join will not be rendered..

	// currently we do not explicitly track the joins under the CollectionQuerySpace to know which is
	// the element join and which is the index join (maybe we should?).

	JoinDefinedByMetadata collectionElementJoin = null;
	JoinDefinedByMetadata collectionIndexJoin = null;
	for ( Join collectionJoin : rightHandSide.getJoins() ) {
		if ( JoinDefinedByMetadata.class.isInstance( collectionJoin ) ) {
			final JoinDefinedByMetadata collectionJoinDefinedByMetadata = (JoinDefinedByMetadata) collectionJoin;
			if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( collectionJoinDefinedByMetadata.getJoinedPropertyName() ) ) {
				if ( collectionElementJoin != null ) {
					throw new AssertionFailure(
							String.format(
									"More than one element join defined for: %s",
									rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().getRole()
							)
					);
				}
				collectionElementJoin = collectionJoinDefinedByMetadata;
			}
			if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES.equals( collectionJoinDefinedByMetadata.getJoinedPropertyName() ) ) {
				if ( collectionIndexJoin != null ) {
					throw new AssertionFailure(
							String.format(
									"More than one index join defined for: %s",
									rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().getRole()
							)
					);
				}
				collectionIndexJoin = collectionJoinDefinedByMetadata;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().isOneToMany()
			|| rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().isManyToMany() ) {
		// relatedly, for collections with entity elements (one-to-many, many-to-many) we need to register the
		// sql aliases to use for the entity.
		if ( collectionElementJoin == null ) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					String.format(
							"Could not locate collection element join within collection join [%s : %s]",
							rightHandSide.getUid(),
							rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister()
					)
			);
		}
		mutableAliasResolutionContext.generateCollectionReferenceAliases(
				rightHandSide.getUid(),
				rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister(),
				collectionElementJoin.getRightHandSide().getUid()
		);
	}
	else {
		mutableAliasResolutionContext.generateCollectionReferenceAliases(
				rightHandSide.getUid(),
				rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister(),
				null
		);
	}

	if ( rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().hasIndex() &&
			rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().getIndexType().isEntityType() ) {
		// for collections with entity index we need to register the
		// sql aliases to use for the entity.
		if ( collectionIndexJoin == null ) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					String.format(
							"Could not locate collection index join within collection join [%s : %s]",
							rightHandSide.getUid(),
							rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister()
					)
			);
		}
		mutableAliasResolutionContext.generateEntityReferenceAliases(
				collectionIndexJoin.getRightHandSide().getUid(),
				rightHandSide.getCollectionPersister().getIndexDefinition().toEntityDefinition().getEntityPersister()
		);
	}
}
 

private void renderManyToManyJoin(
		Join join,
		JoinFragment joinFragment) {

	// for many-to-many we have 3 table aliases.  By way of example, consider a normal m-n: User<->Role
	// where User is the FetchOwner and Role (User.roles) is the Fetch.  We'd have:
	//		1) the owner's table : user - in terms of rendering the joins (not the fetch select fragments), the
	// 			lhs table alias is only needed to qualify the lhs join columns, but we already have the qualified
	// 			columns here (aliasedLhsColumnNames)
	//final String ownerTableAlias = ...;
	//		2) the m-n table : user_role
	//		3) the element table : role
	final EntityPersister entityPersister = ( (EntityQuerySpace) join.getRightHandSide() ).getEntityPersister();
	final String entityTableAlias = aliasResolutionContext.resolveSqlTableAliasFromQuerySpaceUid(
		join.getRightHandSide().getUid()
	);

	if ( StringHelper.isEmpty( entityTableAlias ) ) {
		throw new IllegalStateException( "Collection element (many-to-many) table alias cannot be empty" );
	}

	final String manyToManyFilter;
	if ( JoinDefinedByMetadata.class.isInstance( join ) &&
			CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equals( ( (JoinDefinedByMetadata) join ).getJoinedPropertyName() ) ) {
		final CollectionQuerySpace leftHandSide = (CollectionQuerySpace) join.getLeftHandSide();
		final CollectionPersister persister = leftHandSide.getCollectionPersister();
		manyToManyFilter = persister.getManyToManyFilterFragment(
				entityTableAlias,
				queryInfluencers.getEnabledFilters()
		);
	}
	else {
		manyToManyFilter = null;
	}

	addJoins(
			join,
			joinFragment,
			(Joinable) entityPersister,
			manyToManyFilter
	);
}
 

private CollectionFetchableIndex buildIndexGraph() {
	final CollectionPersister persister = collectionQuerySpace.getCollectionPersister();
	if ( persister.hasIndex() ) {
		final Type type = persister.getIndexType();
		if ( type.isAssociationType() ) {
			if ( type.isEntityType() ) {
				final EntityPersister indexPersister = persister.getFactory().getEntityPersister(
						( (EntityType) type ).getAssociatedEntityName()
				);

				final ExpandingEntityQuerySpace entityQuerySpace = QuerySpaceHelper.INSTANCE.makeEntityQuerySpace(
						collectionQuerySpace,
						indexPersister,
						CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES,
						(EntityType) persister.getIndexType(),
						collectionQuerySpace.getExpandingQuerySpaces().generateImplicitUid(),
						collectionQuerySpace.canJoinsBeRequired(),
						allowIndexJoin
				);
				return new CollectionFetchableIndexEntityGraph( this, entityQuerySpace );
			}
			else if ( type.isAnyType() ) {
				return new CollectionFetchableIndexAnyGraph( this );
			}
		}
		else if ( type.isComponentType() ) {
			final ExpandingCompositeQuerySpace compositeQuerySpace = QuerySpaceHelper.INSTANCE.makeCompositeQuerySpace(
					collectionQuerySpace,
					new CompositePropertyMapping(
							(CompositeType) persister.getIndexType(),
							(PropertyMapping) persister,
							""
					),
					CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES,
					(CompositeType) persister.getIndexType(),
					collectionQuerySpace.getExpandingQuerySpaces().generateImplicitUid(),
					collectionQuerySpace.canJoinsBeRequired(),
					allowIndexJoin
			);
			return new CollectionFetchableIndexCompositeGraph( this, compositeQuerySpace );
		}
	}

	return null;
}
 

private CollectionFetchableElement buildElementGraph() {
	final CollectionPersister persister = collectionQuerySpace.getCollectionPersister();
	final Type type = persister.getElementType();
	if ( type.isAssociationType() ) {
		if ( type.isEntityType() ) {
			final EntityPersister elementPersister = persister.getFactory().getEntityPersister(
					( (EntityType) type ).getAssociatedEntityName()
			);
			final ExpandingEntityQuerySpace entityQuerySpace = QuerySpaceHelper.INSTANCE.makeEntityQuerySpace(
					collectionQuerySpace,
					elementPersister,
					CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS,
					(EntityType) persister.getElementType(),
					collectionQuerySpace.getExpandingQuerySpaces().generateImplicitUid(),
					collectionQuerySpace.canJoinsBeRequired(),
					allowElementJoin
			);
			return new CollectionFetchableElementEntityGraph( this, entityQuerySpace );
		}
		else if ( type.isAnyType() ) {
			return new CollectionFetchableElementAnyGraph( this );
		}
	}
	else if ( type.isComponentType() ) {
		final ExpandingCompositeQuerySpace compositeQuerySpace = QuerySpaceHelper.INSTANCE.makeCompositeQuerySpace(
				collectionQuerySpace,
				new CompositePropertyMapping(
						(CompositeType) persister.getElementType(),
						(PropertyMapping) persister,
						""
				),
				CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS,
				(CompositeType) persister.getElementType(),
				collectionQuerySpace.getExpandingQuerySpaces().generateImplicitUid(),
				collectionQuerySpace.canJoinsBeRequired(),
				allowElementJoin
		);
		return new CollectionFetchableElementCompositeGraph( this, compositeQuerySpace );
	}

	return null;
}
 

@Override
protected AST lookupProperty(AST dot, boolean root, boolean inSelect) throws SemanticException {
	DotNode dotNode = (DotNode) dot;
	FromReferenceNode lhs = dotNode.getLhs();
	AST rhs = lhs.getNextSibling();

	// this used to be a switch statement based on the rhs's node type
	//		expecting it to be SqlTokenTypes.ELEMENTS or
	//		SqlTokenTypes.INDICES in the cases where the re-arranging is needed
	//
	// In such cases it additionally expects the RHS to be a CollectionFunction node.
	//
	// However, in my experience these assumptions sometimes did not works as sometimes the node
	// 		types come in with the node type WEIRD_IDENT.  What this does now is to:
	//			1) see if the LHS is a collection
	//			2) see if the RHS is a reference to one of the "collection properties".
	//		if both are true, we log a deprecation warning
	if ( lhs.getDataType() != null
			&& lhs.getDataType().isCollectionType() ) {
		if ( CollectionProperties.isCollectionProperty( rhs.getText() ) ) {
			DeprecationLogger.DEPRECATION_LOGGER.logDeprecationOfCollectionPropertiesInHql(
					rhs.getText(),
					lhs.getPath()
			);
		}

		// perform the re-arrangement
		if ( CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_INDICES.equalsIgnoreCase( rhs.getText() )
				|| CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS.equalsIgnoreCase( rhs.getText() ) ) {
			if ( LOG.isDebugEnabled() ) {
				LOG.debugf(
						"lookupProperty() %s => %s(%s)",
						dotNode.getPath(),
						rhs.getText(),
						lhs.getPath()
				);
			}

			final CollectionFunction f;
			if ( rhs instanceof CollectionFunction ) {
				f = (CollectionFunction) rhs;
			}
			else {
				f = new CollectionFunction();
				f.initialize( SqlTokenTypes.METHOD_CALL, rhs.getText() );
				f.initialize( this );
			}

			// Re-arrange the tree so that the collection function is the root and the lhs is the path.
			f.setFirstChild( lhs );
			lhs.setNextSibling( null );
			dotNode.setFirstChild( f );
			resolve( lhs );            // Don't forget to resolve the argument!
			f.resolve( inSelect );    // Resolve the collection function now.
			return f;
		}
	}

	// otherwise, resolve the path and return it
	dotNode.resolveFirstChild();
	return dotNode;
}
 

/**
 * Retrieves the column names corresponding to the collection elements for the given
 * collection role.
 *
 * @param role The collection role
 * @param roleAlias The sql column-qualification alias (i.e., the table alias)
 *
 * @return the collection element columns
 */
public String[] getCollectionElementColumns(String role, String roleAlias) {
	return getCollectionPropertyMapping( role ).toColumns( roleAlias, CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS );
}
 

/**
 * Retrieves the column names corresponding to the collection elements for the given
 * collection role.
 *
 * @param role The collection role
 * @param roleAlias The sql column-qualification alias (i.e., the table alias)
 * @return the collection element columns
 */
public String[] getCollectionElementColumns(String role, String roleAlias) {
	return getCollectionPropertyMapping( role ).toColumns( roleAlias, CollectionPropertyNames.COLLECTION_ELEMENTS );
}