@Test
void testToIdOfExtractedContext() {
    final String traceIdString = "0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c";
    final String parentIdString = "b9c7c989f97918e1";

    // --------------------------------------------------------
    final Id traceId = Id.new128BitId();
    traceId.fromHexString(traceIdString, 0);
    assertThat(traceId.toString()).isEqualTo(traceIdString);
    // --------------------------------------------------------
    final Id spanId = Id.new64BitId();
    spanId.fromHexString(parentIdString, 0);
    assertThat(spanId.toString()).isEqualTo(parentIdString);
    // --------------------------------------------------------

    TextMap textMapExtractAdapter = new TextMapAdapter(Map.of(
        TraceContext.W3C_TRACE_PARENT_TEXTUAL_HEADER_NAME,
        "00-" + traceIdString + "-" + parentIdString + "-01",
        "User-Agent", "curl"));
    //ExternalProcessSpanContext
    SpanContext spanContext = apmTracer.extract(Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, textMapExtractAdapter);

    assertThat(spanContext).isNotNull();
    assertThat(spanContext.toTraceId()).isEqualTo(traceIdString);
    assertThat(spanContext.toSpanId()).isEqualTo(parentIdString);
}
 

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public final <C> void inject(InMemorySpanContext spanContext, Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    requireNonNull(spanContext);
    requireNonNull(format);
    requireNonNull(carrier);

    try {
        if (format instanceof InMemoryTraceStateFormat) {
            ((InMemoryTraceStateFormat<C>) format).inject(spanContext.traceState(), carrier);
        } else if (format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP) {
            TextMapFormatter.INSTANCE.inject(spanContext.traceState(), (TextMap) carrier);
        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Format " + format + " is not supported");
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // Tracing should be low impact, so don't throw if formatting failed
        LOGGER.warn("Failed to inject SpanContext into carrier", e);
    }
}
 

@Nullable
@Override
public final <C> InMemorySpanContext extract(Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    requireNonNull(format);
    requireNonNull(carrier);

    try {
        final InMemoryTraceState state;
        if (format instanceof InMemoryTraceStateFormat) {
            state = ((InMemoryTraceStateFormat<C>) format).extract(carrier);
        } else if (format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP) {
            state = TextMapFormatter.INSTANCE.extract((TextMap) carrier);
        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Format " + format + " is not supported");
        }
        return state != null ? newSpanContext(state) : null;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // Tracing should be low impact, so don't throw if formatting failed
        LOGGER.warn("Failed to inject SpanContext into carrier", e);
        return null;
    }
}
 

public static Object enter(final Object request, final Object handler) {
  final Request req = (Request)request;
  final Tracer tracer = GlobalTracer.get();
  final Span span = tracer
    .buildSpan(req.getMethod())
    .withTag(Tags.COMPONENT.getKey(), COMPONENT_NAME)
    .withTag(Tags.HTTP_METHOD.getKey(), req.getMethod())
    .withTag(Tags.SPAN_KIND.getKey(), Tags.SPAN_KIND_CLIENT)
    .withTag(Tags.HTTP_URL.getKey(), req.getUrl()).start();

  tracer.inject(span.context(), Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS, new TextMap() {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Entry<String,String>> iterator() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("iterator not supported with Tracer.inject()");
    }

    @Override
    public void put(final String key, final String value) {
      req.getHeaders().add(key, value);
    }
  });

  return WrapperProxy.wrap(handler, new TracingAsyncHandler(tracer, (AsyncHandler<?>)handler, span));
}
 

@Override
public SofaTracerSpanContext extract(TextMap carrier) {
    if (carrier == null) {
        return null;
    }
    SofaTracerSpanContext sofaTracerSpanContext = null;
    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : carrier) {
        String key = entry.getKey();
        String value = entry.getValue();
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(key)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (FORMATER_KEY_HEAD.equalsIgnoreCase(key) && !StringUtils.isBlank(value)) {
            sofaTracerSpanContext = SofaTracerSpanContext.deserializeFromString(this
                .decodedValue(value));
        }
    }
    if (sofaTracerSpanContext == null) {
        return null;
    }
    return sofaTracerSpanContext;
}
 

/**
 * Injects a {@code SpanContext} as key-value pairs into a given operation.
 * <p>
 * This provides a generic way to serialize a span context in any kind of textual data.
 * See {@link #extractSpanContext(Tracer, Supplier)} for the corresponding method to deserialize the
 * context from that data.
 *
 * @param tracer The Tracer to use for injecting the context.
 * @param spanContext The context to inject.
 * @param keyValueConsumer The operation that will receive the key-value pairs representing the context.
 * @throws NullPointerException if any of the parameters is {@code null}.
 */
public static void injectSpanContext(final Tracer tracer, final SpanContext spanContext,
        final BiConsumer<String, String> keyValueConsumer) {

    Objects.requireNonNull(tracer);
    Objects.requireNonNull(spanContext);
    Objects.requireNonNull(keyValueConsumer);

    tracer.inject(spanContext, Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP,
            new TextMap() {
                @Override
                public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }

                @Override
                public void put(final String key, final String value) {
                    keyValueConsumer.accept(key, value);
                }
            });
}
 

/**
 * Extracts a {@code SpanContext} from given key-value pairs.
 * <p>
 * This provides a generic way to deserialize a span context from any kind of textual data.
 * See {@link #injectSpanContext(Tracer, SpanContext, BiConsumer)} for the corresponding method to
 * serialize the context in that data.
 *
 * @param tracer The Tracer to use for extracting the context.
 * @param keyValueIteratorSupplier The supplier that provides an iterator over key-values pairs representing the
 *            context.
 * @return The context or {@code null} if the given options do not contain a context.
 * @throws NullPointerException if any of the parameters is {@code null}.
 */
public static SpanContext extractSpanContext(final Tracer tracer,
        final Supplier<Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>>> keyValueIteratorSupplier) {

    Objects.requireNonNull(tracer);
    Objects.requireNonNull(keyValueIteratorSupplier);

    return tracer.extract(Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, new TextMap() {
        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return keyValueIteratorSupplier.get();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(final String key, final String value) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
    });
}
 

private static Span createChildViaInjectExtract(Tracer tracer, SpanContext parentCtx) {
    final Map<String, String> textMap = new HashMap<>();
    final TextMap demoCarrier = new TextMap() {
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            textMap.put(key, value);
        }

        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return textMap.entrySet().iterator();
        }
    };

    tracer.inject(parentCtx, Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, demoCarrier);
    System.out.println("Carrier contents:");
    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : textMap.entrySet()) {
        System.out.println(
                "    key='" + entry.getKey() +
                        "', value='" + entry.getValue() + "'");
    }
    SpanContext extracted = tracer.extract(Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, demoCarrier);
    return tracer.buildSpan("grandchild").asChildOf(extracted).start();
}
 

@Override
public Object afterMethod(EnhancedInstance objInst, Method method, Object[] allArguments, Class<?>[] argumentsTypes,
    Object ret) throws Throwable {
    Format format = (Format) allArguments[1];
    if (Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP.equals(format) || Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS.equals(format)) {
        TextMap carrier = (TextMap) allArguments[2];
        ContextCarrier contextCarrier = new ContextCarrier();
        ContextManager.inject(contextCarrier);
        CarrierItem next = contextCarrier.items();
        while (next.hasNext()) {
            next = next.next();
            carrier.put(next.getHeadKey(), next.getHeadValue());
        }
    } else {
        //Don't support other format yet.
    }

    return null;
}
 

@Override
public Object afterMethod(EnhancedInstance objInst, Method method, Object[] allArguments, Class<?>[] argumentsTypes,
    Object ret) throws Throwable {
    Format format = (Format) allArguments[0];
    if (Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP.equals(format) || Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS.equals(format)) {
        TextMap textMapCarrier = (TextMap) allArguments[1];

        ContextCarrier contextCarrier = new ContextCarrier();
        CarrierItem next = contextCarrier.items();
        while (next.hasNext()) {
            next = next.next();
            Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = textMapCarrier.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();
                if (next.getHeadKey().equals(entry.getKey())) {
                    next.setHeadValue(entry.getValue());
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        ContextManager.extract(contextCarrier);
    }
    return new SkywalkingContext();
}
 

private WebClient withTrace(final WebClient client, final JaegerSpanContext spanContext) {
    tracer.inject(spanContext, Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS, new TextMap() {

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            client.header(key, value);
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return null;
        }
    });

    return client;
}
 

@Override
public <C> void inject(SpanContext spanContext, Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    if (format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP || format == Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS) {
        final TextMap textMap = (TextMap) carrier;
        spanContext.baggageItems().forEach(e -> textMap.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
    }
    else {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Format " + format.toString() +  " is not currently supported");
    }
}
 

@Override
public <C> SpanContext extract(Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    if (format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP || format == Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS) {
        final TextMap textMap = (TextMap) carrier;
        final Map<String, String> baggage = new HashMap<>();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : textMap) { baggage.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue()); }
        return new AWSXRaySpanContext(baggage);
    }
    else {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Format " + format.toString() +  " is not currently supported");
    }
}
 

@Override
public <C> void inject(SpanContext spanContext, Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    if (format == Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS || format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP) {
        TextMap textMap = (TextMap) carrier;
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> baggageItem : spanContext.baggageItems()) {
            textMap.put(baggageItem.getKey(), baggageItem.getValue());
        }
    }
}
 

@Override
@Nullable
public <C> SpanContext extract(Format<C> format, C carrier) {
    if (format == Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS || format == Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP) {
        TextMap textMap = (TextMap) carrier;
        return ExternalProcessSpanContext.of(textMap);
    }
    return null;
}
 

@Override
public void inject(InMemoryTraceState state, TextMap carrier) {
    carrier.put(TRACE_ID, state.traceIdHex());
    carrier.put(SPAN_ID, state.spanIdHex());
    if (state.parentSpanIdHex() != null) {
        carrier.put(PARENT_SPAN_ID, state.parentSpanIdHex());
    }
    carrier.put(SAMPLED, state.isSampled() ? "1" : "0");
}
 

@Test
public void testCustomizersHttpHeadersShouldContainB3() {
  TextMap textMap = createTextMap();

  JaegerSpanContext context = (JaegerSpanContext) tracer.extract(Format.Builtin.HTTP_HEADERS, textMap);

  assertOnB3Headers(context);
}
 

@Test
public void testCustomizersTextMapShouldContainB3() {
  TextMap textMap = createTextMap();

  JaegerSpanContext context = (JaegerSpanContext) tracer.extract(Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, textMap);

  assertOnB3Headers(context);
}
 

@Override
public void inject(SofaTracerSpanContext spanContext, TextMap carrier) {
    if (carrier == null || spanContext == null) {
        return;
    }
    carrier.put(FORMATER_KEY_HEAD, this.encodedValue(spanContext.serializeSpanContext()));
}
 

/**
 * Method: inject(SpanContext spanContext, Format<C> format, C carrier)
 */
@Test
public void testInject() {
    SofaTracerSpan span = (SofaTracerSpan) this.sofaTracer.buildSpan("testInjectSpan").start();
    TextMap carrier = new TextMap() {

        Map map = new HashMap();

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return map.entrySet().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            map.put(key, value);
        }
    };
    SofaTracerSpanContext originContext = (SofaTracerSpanContext) span.context();
    assertTrue(StringUtils.isBlank(originContext.getParentId()));
    this.sofaTracer.inject(originContext, Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, carrier);

    SofaTracerSpanContext extractSpanContext = (SofaTracerSpanContext) this.sofaTracer.extract(
        Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, carrier);
    assertTrue("Origin Context : " + originContext.toString(),
        StringUtils.isBlank(extractSpanContext.getParentId()));
    assertTrue("Extract Context : " + extractSpanContext,
        originContext.equals(extractSpanContext));
}
 

/**
 * Method: encodedValue(String value)
 * Method: decodedValue(String value)
 */
@Test
public void testEncodedValue() throws Exception {
    SofaTracerSpanContext spanContext = SofaTracerSpanContext.rootStart();
    Map<String, String> baggage = new HashMap<String, String>();
    baggage.put("key", "value");
    baggage.put("key1", "value1");
    baggage.put("key2", "value2");
    spanContext.addBizBaggage(baggage);
    //
    final TextMap carrier = new TextMap() {

        Map<String, String> carr = new HashMap<String, String>();

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return carr.entrySet().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            carr.put(key, value);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "$classname{" + "carr=" + carr + '}';
        }
    };
    this.registryExtractorInjector.inject(spanContext, carrier);
    //carrier
    SofaTracerSpanContext extractContext = this.registryExtractorInjector.extract(carrier);
    //traceId spanId sampled
    extractContext.equals(spanContext);
    assertTrue("Extract : " + extractContext, baggage.equals(extractContext.getBizBaggage()));
}
 

/**
 * Method: encodedValue(String value)
 * <p>
 * Method: decodedValue(String value)
 */
@Test
public void testEncodedValue() throws Exception {
    SofaTracerSpanContext spanContext = SofaTracerSpanContext.rootStart();
    Map<String, String> baggage = new HashMap<>();
    baggage.put("key", "value");
    baggage.put("key1", "value1");
    baggage.put("key2", "value2");
    spanContext.addBizBaggage(baggage);
    //
    final TextMap carrier = new TextMap() {
        Map<String, String> carr = new HashMap<>();

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return carr.entrySet().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            carr.put(key, value);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "$classname{" + "carr=" + carr + '}';
        }
    };
    this.registryExtractorInjector.inject(spanContext, carrier);
    SofaTracerSpanContext extractContext = this.registryExtractorInjector.extract(carrier);
    // traceId spanId sampled
    extractContext.equals(spanContext);
    assertTrue("Extract baggage : " + extractContext.getBizBaggage(),
        baggage.equals(extractContext.getBizBaggage()));
}
 

private void addAttachements(ServiceContext request, Span span) {
  getTracer().inject(span.context(), Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, new TextMap() {

    @Override
    public Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("TextMapInjectAdapter should only be used with Tracer.inject()");
    }

    @Override
    public void put(String key, String value) {
      request.addAttachment(key, value);
    }
  });
}
 

public Span startConsumerSpan(String name, MessageHeaders headers) {
    TextMap carrier = new MessageHeadersExtractAdapter(headers);
    SpanContext parent = tracer.extract(Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, carrier);
    return tracer.buildSpan(name) //
            .addReference(References.FOLLOWS_FROM, parent) //
            .start();
}
 

/**
 * Returns a TextMap Adapter for Invocation.Builder instance.
 *
 * @param builder is the construct where the span information should be injected
 *                to
 * @return the TextMap adapter which can be used for injection
 */
public static TextMap requestBuilderCarrier(final Invocation.Builder builder) {
  return new TextMap() {
    @Override
    public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("carrier is write-only");
    }

    @Override
    public void put(String key, String value) {
      builder.header(key, value);
    }
  };
}
 

public static TextMap requestBuilderCarrier(final Request.Builder builder) {
    return new TextMap() {
        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("carrier is write-only");
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            builder.addHeader(key, value);
        }
    };
}
 

@Test public void canUseCustomFormatKeys() {
  Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
  TextMapAdapter carrier = new TextMapAdapter(map);
  Format<TextMap> B3 = new Format<TextMap>() {
  };

  opentracing = BraveTracer.newBuilder(brave)
      .textMapPropagation(B3, Propagation.B3_SINGLE_STRING).build();

  opentracing.inject(BraveSpanContext.create(context), B3, carrier);

  assertThat(map).containsEntry("b3", "0000000000000001-0000000000000002-1");

  assertExtractedContext(B3, new TextMapAdapter(map));
}
 

private void injectContext(Tracer tracer, Span span, final JRequest request) {
    tracer.inject(span.context(), Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP, new TextMap() {

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("iterator");
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            request.putAttachment(key, value);
        }
    });
}
 

@Test
public void testInject() throws Throwable {
    spanBuilder.withTag(Tags.SPAN_KIND.getKey(), Tags.SPAN_KIND_CLIENT)
               .withTag(Tags.PEER_HOST_IPV4.getKey(), "127.0.0.1")
               .withTag(Tags.PEER_PORT.getKey(), 8080);
    startSpan();

    final Map<String, String> values = new HashMap<String, String>();
    TextMap carrier = new TextMap() {
        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            values.put(key, value);
        }

    };

    injectInterceptor.afterMethod(enhancedInstance, null, new Object[] {
        new TextMapContext(),
        Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP,
        carrier
    }, null, null);

    String[] parts = values.get(SW8CarrierItem.HEADER_NAME).split("-", 8);
    Assert.assertEquals("0", parts[3]);
    Assert.assertEquals(Base64.encode("127.0.0.1:8080"), parts[7]);
    stopSpan();
}
 

@Test
public void testExtractWithInValidateContext() throws Throwable {
    spanBuilder.withTag(Tags.SPAN_KIND.getKey(), Tags.SPAN_KIND_CLIENT)
               .withTag(Tags.PEER_HOST_IPV4.getKey(), "127.0.0.1")
               .withTag(Tags.PEER_PORT.getKey(), 8080);
    startSpan();

    final Map<String, String> values = new HashMap<String, String>();
    TextMap carrier = new TextMap() {
        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
            return values.entrySet().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public void put(String key, String value) {
            values.put(key, value);
        }

    };

    values.put(SW8CarrierItem.HEADER_NAME, "aaaaaaaa|3|#192.168.1.8:18002|#/portal/|#/testEntrySpan|1.234.444");

    extractInterceptor.afterMethod(enhancedInstance, null, new Object[] {
        Format.Builtin.TEXT_MAP,
        carrier
    }, new Class[] {}, null);
    stopSpan();

    TraceSegment tracingSegment = assertTraceSemgnets();
    List<AbstractTracingSpan> spans = SegmentHelper.getSpans(tracingSegment);
    assertNull(tracingSegment.getRefs());
    assertSpanCommonsAttribute(spans.get(0));
}